基于公共健康需求的公共空间适老性研究

发布时间：2019-03-15 20:01

【摘要】：以往对于公共空适老性的研究大多基于老年人的生理及心理特征,本文从全新视点即老年人公共健康需求角度对公共空间进行研究。国外对于公共健康与城市设计关系的研究主要从景观设计、城市设计两方面入手,公共健康与绿地景观的研究著作及在各国实践项目逐渐增多,美国于2010年制定纲领性文件：“积极设计导则”,其中提出分析城市设计与积极的运动方式的关键是“5D”变量。基于“5D”变量,针对我国老年人这一特定群体的健康需求及公共空间需求,提出公共空间适老性的新“5D”变量即密度、多样性、步行空间设计、目的地可达性、容错性,进而探讨相关设计原则与策略,并针对案例社区提出改进建议,新“5D”变量具体内容如下：密度反应了社区小游园的分布与老年人BMI指数间的关系；多样性反应了社区满足老年人的娱乐、文化、购物等多种活动需求的程度,社区功能及小游园中设施越完善,老年人的健康水平越高；步行空间设计反应了道路系统对老年人特殊的身体机能和心理特征的适应程度,识别度、尺度感、多样性、安全性、围合感是评判步行空间设计好坏的五个要素；可达性指老年人从住宅到社区公共空间的难易程度,以及设施与老年人的身材大小、姿态以及操作能力的契合程度；容错性反应了城市设计降低偶发事故或无意识行为对老年人造成伤害的程度。
[Abstract]:In the past, most of the researches on the aging of public space are based on the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly. This paper studies the public space from a new point of view, that is, the public health needs of the elderly. Foreign research on the relationship between public health and urban design mainly from landscape design, urban design two aspects, public health and green space landscape research works and practice projects in various countries gradually increased. The United States formulated a programmatic document in 2010: "guidelines for active Design", in which the key to analyzing urban design and active movement is the "5D" variable. Based on the "5D" variable, aiming at the health needs and public space needs of the elderly in China, a new "5D" variable, namely, density, diversity, walking space design, destination reachability and fault tolerance, is proposed for the aging of public space. Then the relevant design principles and strategies are discussed, and suggestions for improvement are put forward according to the case community. The new "5D" variable is as follows: density reflects the relationship between the distribution of community small garden and the BMI index of the elderly; Diversity reflects the extent to which the community meets the needs of entertainment, culture, shopping and other activities of the elderly. The more perfect the community functions and facilities in the small garden, the higher the health level of the elderly. The design of walking space reflects the adaptation degree, recognition, scale, diversity, safety and encirclement of the road system to the special physical function and psychological characteristics of the elderly, which is the five key factors to judge the design of the walking space. Accessibility refers to the degree of difficulty for the elderly from the home to the community public space, as well as the extent to which the facilities are in agreement with the size, posture and operational capacity of the elderly; Fault tolerance reflects the extent to which urban design reduces the extent to which accidental accidents or unconscious behavior harm the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.1

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