西藏园林的历史演变及其特点

发布时间：2019-04-04 10:40

【摘要】：中国古典园林是世界三大园林体系的重要一支,以独特的风格和文化向世界展示着中国悠久的园林艺术特色,而西藏园林是我国少数民族园林精华的代表,是中国古典园林——风景式山水园林不可或缺的组成部分,是世界上海拔最高的园林,成为展示西藏民族文化的名片,在世界园林体系中独树一帜。在漫长的发展过程中形成了藏民族独特的造园理念和布局特色,独特的民族文化赋予了其独特的审美艺术,因此,对于西藏园林的研究不仅可以补充我国古典园林研究的内容,发掘西藏园林的文化特色,而且对更详尽地了解西藏文化有较大的现实意义。论文首先运用理论分析的方法对所研究的西藏园林进行了概念的界定,追溯了西藏园林的起源,探讨了其发展阶段,结合中国古典园林的划分原则将其分为萌芽阶段、形成阶段、成熟阶段。根据各阶段园林的特色及其隶属关系将其分为庄园园林、寺庙园林、宗堡园林和行宫园林四大类。其次,从园林的造园原则、影响造园的物质因素、影响造园的思想因素和外来文化的影响四个方面探讨了影响西藏园林营建的因素。即在相地合宜的基础上从西藏的自然环境入手来改善他们所居住的严酷的环境,营造“第二自然”,结合植物的不同种类和色彩以及园林内建筑的色彩来营造满园四季鲜艳的特色。深受藏传佛教文化、内地儒家、道家文化及异域文化的影响,使得西藏园林成了多种文化的相互融合的艺术精品。然后,通过田野调查,结合现存的园林实例从园林的景区布局和建筑群的布局两方面分析探讨了西藏园林的布局艺术特色。最后,论文归纳、总结了西藏园林的艺术特色:藏传佛教影响下的人与自然共存为核心的园林营造观念。
[Abstract]:Chinese classical garden is an important branch of the three major landscape architecture systems in the world. With its unique style and culture, Chinese classical gardens show the world long-standing artistic characteristics of Chinese gardens, while Tibetan gardens are the representative of the essence of Chinese minority gardens. It is an indispensable part of Chinese classical garden-landscape garden. It is the highest altitude garden in the world. It becomes a card to show Tibetan national culture. It is unique in the world garden system. In the long process of development, Tibetan nationality's unique garden-making concept and layout characteristics have been formed, and its unique aesthetic art has been endowed by unique national culture. Therefore, the study of Tibetan gardens can not only supplement the content of Chinese classical garden research, but also give them their unique aesthetic art. Exploring the cultural characteristics of Tibetan gardens is of great practical significance to a more detailed understanding of Tibetan culture. Firstly, the thesis defines the concept of Tibetan garden by the method of theoretical analysis, traces the origin of Tibetan garden, probes into its development stage, and divides it into budding stage combined with the division principle of Chinese classical garden. Forming stage, mature stage. According to the characteristics of each stage of garden and its subordinate relationship, it can be divided into four categories: manor garden, temple garden, Zongbao garden and walking palace garden. Secondly, the factors affecting the construction of Tibetan gardens are discussed from four aspects: the principles of garden-making, the material factors affecting garden-making, the ideological factors affecting garden-making and the influence of foreign culture. That is, on the basis of being suitable for each other, we should start with Tibet's natural environment to improve the harsh environment in which they live, and create a "second nature". Combine the different kinds and colors of plants and the colors of architecture in gardens to create the colorful features of the four seasons of the garden. Deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhist culture, Confucian culture, Taoist culture and exotic culture, Tibetan garden has become a fine art of multi-cultural fusion. Then, through the field investigation, combining with the existing garden examples, this paper analyzes and discusses the artistic characteristics of the layout of Tibetan gardens from two aspects: the layout of scenic spots and the layout of architecture groups. Finally, the paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Tibetan gardens: the concept of the coexistence of man and nature as the core under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism.
【学位授予单位】：西藏民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU-098.4

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