试论魏晋士人的狂狷之美

发布时间：2018-03-16 00:30

本文选题：魏晋士人　切入点：狂狷　出处：《山东师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：狂狷美是魏晋时期形成的独特的美学形态。它的形成不是一个简单的过程,而是由多重因素综合而成。按照传统的审美眼光审视魏晋士人的狂狷之美,可能很难看出其中所蕴含的美学内涵,但是当我们结合魏晋的时代背景和“狂狷”概念的历史流变来具体分析,我们就不难看出,在魏晋那个特殊的时期,“狂狷”能够成为狂狷美,是有着特定的人文社会环境和历史渊源的,是多重因素交织起来的一个由量变到质变的过程。本文将目光重点锁定在魏晋这段特殊的时期,将这一时期的士人作为一个特定的研究对象,利用这种比较特别的美学现象,我们可以从一个独特的视角入手,梳理概括出魏晋士人在那个纷乱而又富有激情的年代所呈现给我们的独有的美学特征和深刻的文化心理内涵。本论文共分为三大部分: 第一部分:关于狂狷的考辨。从哲学角度去分析狂狷这个词的涵义,重点是辨析狂狷这个词在春秋战国时期的内涵。由狂者和狷者在这一时期的一些表现,我们可以看出狂狷这个词所蕴含的人格美。第二部分:狂狷之美的流变、成因和形态。由狂狷演变为狂狷美,“狂狷”经历了一个从哲学范畴到美学范畴的转变过程。首先需要指出的是,狂狷和狂狷之美是两个既相互联系又有着很大区别的词语。狂狷美是狂狷这种现象逐渐成为一种被大众普遍认可的现象后,才产生的一种美学现象,是狂狷这种言行发展到一定阶段的产物。因此狂狷是先于狂狷之美产生的;狂狷之美作为一种美的具体形态,它的产生是经过多重因素综合而成的。其中我们将之归结为社会环境和人文因素两个大的方面,而人文因素中又包括狂狷美产生的主体和受众。因为,单单有行“狂狷”的人还是远远不够的,还要有产生这种美的社会环境和这种美所需要的受众。到了魏晋时期这些因素基本上都已经具备,狂狷之美正式形成。在魏晋时期,魏晋士人在前人的基础上,将狂者和狷者进行了有机地结合,从而使得这一时期的许多士人都表现出“狂中有狷,狷中孕狂”的特点。魏晋士人常常表现出既行狂者之事,又修狷者之身,通过他们的言行共同造就了狂狷之美。狂狷美的表现形态主要是分为两个大方面,一是体现在魏晋士人的言行上,二是狂狷美学思想在文学艺术方面的表现,即各种志怪神异小说的大量出现。其中,在言行方面的表现主要有三方面:进取之狂与无为之狷、偏执之狂与徘徊之狷、超脱之狂与独慎之狷; 第三部分:魏晋士人狂狷之美的思想文化根源。狂狷之美的形成,是儒释道玄等多种思想交汇碰撞的产物,其中主要的是儒学与老庄、玄学共同作用的
[Abstract]:Manic beauty is a unique aesthetic form formed in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Its formation is not a simple process, but a combination of many factors. According to the traditional aesthetic perspective, it examines the metaphysical beauty of the scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties. It may be difficult to see the aesthetic connotations contained therein, but when we analyze the background of the Wei and Jin dynasties and the historical evolution of the concept of "fanaticism", it is not difficult to see that, In the special period of the Wei and Jin dynasties, "ecstasy" was able to become a manic beauty, with a specific humanistic social environment and historical origin. It is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change which is intertwined with many factors. This paper focuses on the special period of Wei and Jin dynasties, and takes the scholars in this period as a special research object to make use of this relatively special aesthetic phenomenon. We can start from a unique angle of view and summarize the unique aesthetic characteristics and profound cultural psychological connotations presented to us by the scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties in that turbulent and passionate era. This thesis is divided into three parts:. The first part: the textual research on mania. From a philosophical point of view, it analyzes the meaning of the word "maniac", with the emphasis on the meaning of the word "maniac" in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period. We can see the beauty of personality contained in the word maniac. The second part: the evolution, cause and form of the beauty of mania, which has gone through a process from philosophical category to aesthetic category. First of all, it needs to be pointed out. The beauty of maniacal and maniac is two words which are not only related to each other but also very different from each other. The phenomenon of maniacal is an aesthetic phenomenon which has gradually become a phenomenon that is generally accepted by the public. It is the product of a certain stage in the development of such words and deeds. Therefore, maniacal beauty is produced prior to the beauty of maniac, which, as a specific form of beauty, It is produced through the synthesis of many factors. We attribute it to two major aspects: social environment and humanistic factors, and the humanistic factors include the subject and the audience produced by eccentricity and beauty. Because, It is far from enough to have people who are "maniacal", but also to have the social environment to produce this kind of beauty and the audience that this beauty needs. By the Wei and Jin dynasties, these factors were basically already in place, and the wild and ardent beauty was formally formed. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, On the basis of their predecessors, the scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties combined the mad with the outfits organically, thus making many scholars in this period show the characteristics of "being eccentric in the middle of the madness and being eccentric in the pregnancy". The scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties often showed that they were both mad and mad. Through their words and deeds, they bring up the beauty of maniacal. The form of expression is mainly divided into two major aspects, one is reflected in the words and deeds of the scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the other is the expression of the crazy aesthetic thought in literature and art. Among them, there are three aspects in the expression of words and deeds: enterprising madness and inactivity, paranoid fanaticism and hesitation, transcendence and independence; The third part: the ideological and cultural root of the supercilious beauty of the scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties. The formation of the manic beauty is the product of the collision of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and so on, among which the main one is the joint action of Confucianism, Laozhuang and metaphysics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I01

【引证文献】