艺术—无意识的象征产物

发布时间：2018-03-16 22:32

本文选题：艺术　切入点：无意识　出处：《中国美术学院》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 卡尔.古斯塔夫.荣格(Carl Gustave Jung,1875-1961)是著名的精神科医生、心理学家,分析心理学的创始者。他不仅在自己的一生中坚持实践自己的理论,还深入研究东方的哲学思想,提出了在精神上指引未来的适合全人类的理论。荣格以大量心理分析工作所获得的丰富的经验资料为基础,及通过对原始种族的生活、各种不同文化圈的神话和传说、东西方的哲学、思想以及宗教现象等的研究比较,证明了人的心理除了具有自我意识和带个人特征的无意识之外,还存在着意识的根源和精神活动的源泉——由人类普遍的原型来组成的集体无意识。荣格特别重视人类普遍的集体无意识的创造性和象征性,他发现了存在于人类文化遗产中的各种原型意象,并试图用自己的原型和象征理论来说明其中的统一性和差异。荣格的无意识理论不仅在充分分析人的病理现象和治疗上有很大的贡献,在人类分析自我,洞察自我这方面也有很大的帮助,此外,在面对时代和社会现象时,它还指引人们更广泛更深入地去思考。因此,无论是在精神医学和临床心理学,还是神话学、宗教学、文艺学,甚至物理学等学界,他的理论都引起了很大的影响。论文中笔者对荣格的无意识理论的进行深入的了解,证明:艺术不是代表个人特征的产物,而是表达人类的共同心灵,引起全人类共鸣的无意识的象征产物。同时,还探讨无意识在艺术创作过程中的重要作用。即研究了人和自己无意识的关联,探讨无意识在艺术中的根源作用。本文分4章。第一章主要介绍荣格的生平和成就,以及阐述他和对其影响很大的精神分析学派的创始人弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud,1856-1939)之间的相交与分歧。第二章先是比较研究人的意识和无意识,认识到人的心理除了具有意识以外,还具有人的无限的潜在能力——无意识。然后,通过比较荣格与弗洛伊德他们无意识理论的不同,说明了无意识的根源和内容。再者,介绍在艺术领域中无意识概念开始被认识的背景,及阐释以人的心理活动为基础的弗洛伊德和荣格他们对艺术各自的不同观点。第三章由三节构成。第一节按照荣格的理论把无意识分为个人无意识(personal unconscious)和集体无意识(collective conscious),并比较它们的特征。同时具体说明荣格的理论的核心是集体无意识,根据荣格对集体无意识的研究方法和理论的依据,证明他的理论不是虚构的。此外,通过观察原始美术和后代具有原始趋向的艺术作品中的特征,阐明在艺术中的集体无意识是反映人类共同的先天具有的内心体验,是人的本能的最根源的核心。第二节先概述构成集体无意识的因素即原型的概念和特征,从而认识到原型是我们的想象力的源泉。而且,分析研究原型意象(archetypal images)的概念和最有代表性的原型意象:人格面具(persona)、阴影(shadow)、阿妮玛(anima)和阿妮姆斯(animus)、自身(self),并说明它们在艺术的各种表现。同时,通过深入地了解个性化(individuation)和自身(self)原型,强调证明荣格理论的最重要结论是达到人格的统一和整体,获得自我实现。第三节论述了象征(symbol)的概念、特征、功能及其在艺术中的作用,强调艺术就是无意识的象征产物。因为集体无意识的原型是通过象征显现出来,所以荣格认为:对于艺术来说,象征是最重要的概念,是表达无意识的语言,而艺术是显露潜在人内心的原型的一种象征语言,换言之,艺术是盈集着无意识的仓库。同时,通过分析在19-20世纪西方美术史上最具有影响力的一些杰出作品,来说明象征在艺术作品中的作用与意义。第四章阐明了无意识在艺术家创作过程中的作用,以及它与产生象征的艺术作品的关系。总之,杰出的艺术作品能够震撼心灵、激发灵感,引起全人类的共鸣。所以,我们要深入地了解无意识,体会它在艺术中的象征意义。这样,我们便可以以广纳百川的心态来接触多种多样的艺术作品,体会其所表达的象征意义。
[Abstract]:Carle. Gustaf. Carl Jung (Carl Gustave Jung, 1875-1961) is a famous psychiatrist, psychologist, founder of analytical psychology. He not only adhere to the practice of his theory in his life philosophy, also in-depth study of the East, put forward the future for all of humanity theory in spirit.
Carl Jung with a large number of rich experience in psychological analysis of data obtained work as the foundation, and based on the original race of life, different cultures and legends, western philosophy, comparative study of the ideology and religious phenomenon, that people's psychology in addition to the unconscious has self consciousness and with personal characteristics outside also, there is the source of consciousness and mental activities by the source of universal human prototype consisting of the collective unconscious.
Carl Jung paid special attention to the general creativity and symbolism of human collective unconscious. He found all kinds of prototypical images existing in the cultural heritage of mankind, and tried to illustrate their unity and difference with their prototype and symbolic theory.
Carl Jung's theory of the unconscious not only contributed a lot to analysis of pathological phenomena and treatment, in the human self analysis, self insight into this aspect also has great help, in addition, in the face of the times and social phenomenon, it also lead people to a more extensive and profound thinking. Therefore, whether it is in psychiatry and clinical psychology, or mythology, religion, literature and art, even physics, his theory has caused a great impact.
Unconscious theory the author of Carl Jung's understanding that art is not the result represent personal characteristics, but a common expression of the human mind, arouse human resonance of the unconscious symbol product. At the same time, also to explore the unconscious in the process of artistic creation. That is to study the important role of the related party and your unconscious, of the unconscious in art in the roots.
This article is divided into 4 chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces Carl Jung's life and achievements, and expounds the intersections and differences between he and Freud, founder of psychoanalytic school, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).
The second chapter is a comparative study of human consciousness and unconsciousness, recognize people besides consciousness in mind, but also has the infinite potential unconscious. Then, through the comparison of Carl Jung and Freud in their unconscious theory, explains the root and the contents of the unconscious. Furthermore, in art in the field of the unconscious concept began to be recognized and interpreted in background, people's psychological activities based on Freud and Carl Jung for their different views on art.
The third chapter is composed of three sections.
The first section according to Carl Jung's theory of the unconscious is divided into personal unconscious (personal unconscious) and the collective unconscious (collective conscious), and compare their characteristics. At the same time specify the core of Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, according to the research method and the theory of Carl Jung on the basis of the collective unconscious, proved that his theory is not fictional. In addition, by observing the characteristics of primitive art and offspring with primitive trend of works of art, to clarify the collective unconscious in art is a reflection of the common human innate inner experience, is the core of the root of human instinct.
The second section first introduces elements of the collective unconscious is the prototype of the concept and characteristics, so as to realize the prototype is the source of our imagination. Moreover, analysis of the prototype image (archetypal images) and the concept of the prototype image representative: the persona, shadow (persona) (shadow), Annema (anima) and Annie James (animus), (self), and its reflected in art. At the same time, through in-depth understanding of the personalized (individuation) and (self) prototype, that Carl Jung's theory is the most important conclusion reached the unity and the overall personality, self realization.
The third section discusses the symbol (symbol) concept, characteristic, function and its role in art, emphasizing the symbolic product of art is the unconscious. Because the collective unconscious of the prototype is shown through symbol, so Carl Jung thought: for art, the concept of symbol is the most important, is the expression of the language of the unconscious however, art is a symbolic language of the heart revealed potential prototype, in other words, art is the warehouse accumulated with unconscious. At the same time, through the analysis of some outstanding works in the history of Western art in the 19-20 century the most influential symbol, to illustrate the role and significance in the works of art.
The fourth chapter clarifies the role of the unconscious in the process of the artist's creation, and its relationship with the artistic works that emblem.
In short, outstanding art works can touch your heart, inspiration, arouse human resonance. Therefore, we must deeply understand the experience of the unconscious, its symbol meaning in art. In this way, we will be able to all inclusive attitude to contact all kinds of art works, the symbolic expression of the experience.

【学位授予单位】：中国美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J0-05

【共引文献】