从悲剧的文学表现反思中国传统文化的悲剧意识

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:07

本文选题：悲剧　切入点：悲剧意识　出处：《首都师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文试图以西方文艺悲剧理论为参照，从对有关文艺悲剧、悲剧精神的哲学分析出发，比较中国传统文化的悲剧意识与西方悲剧精神在文学表现及文化功能、哲学层面上的差异，探索悲剧意识在中国传统文化背景下的表现方式及所蕴含的文化、哲学特点，为丰富中国悲剧文化作一些探索。悲剧一词的使用分为现实生活中的日常用语及戏剧分类中的术语，戏剧术语的悲剧指的是一个戏剧种类，是从戏剧冲突的性质、主人公的悲惨命运和戏剧所产生的观赏效果来划分的。作为戏剧的悲剧反映的是现实的悲剧，其核心是悲剧性，悲剧给人以怜悯感和崇高感，带来的理想的戏剧效果是对人精神的振奋和心灵的净化。西方悲剧精神是指人在面临死亡、价值毁灭等悲惨的命运时的抗争与超越精神，体现了人的价值与尊严，主要反映在西方悲剧中。它的发展是与西方哲学思想史息息相关的，体现了西方哲学知识论传统对人认识能力的张扬；非理性主义的人本主义对人的自由、生存意义的关注；以及马克思主义生存论、实践论对人的异化的批判，对人的本质、自由发展的追寻。中国传统文化缺乏这样的悲剧精神，这并不意味着中国传统文化没有悲剧意识。本文中的悲剧意识是指反映在中国传统文化的诗、词、散文、戏剧等文学作品中的人们对现实悲惨境遇的悲剧感受。中国哲学在本体论上主张“天人合一”，基本上不指向冲突、虚无，从而在根本上大大弱化了主体与客体的对立，以及善与恶、灵与肉冲突的可能，这就造成了中国传统文化中悲剧的类型主要是日常的、偶然性的悲剧，以表现日常生活中的不幸遭遇、悲惨命运为主。因此，中国传统文化的悲剧意识在存在论上欠缺对冲突、对立的复杂性、多样性的认识及彻底的探索精神，在价值论层面缺少对个人主体性的张扬、对完美的刻意追求。在中西文化的交流中，，我们应该看到西方文明的思想渊源之一就是悲剧精神，悲剧精神构成了西方文化的重要本质，它包含了对人类命运、人类生存境遇的反思，对个人主体意志的张扬，蕴含了深刻的认识论、价值论内容。因此，我们应借鉴西方悲剧精神在思维方式、价值观念等方面的合理之处，丰富中国的悲剧文化，拓展自我反思的能力、提升挑战危机的能力、发展自我超越的精神，从而发展中国文化的生命力、创造力。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to compare the tragic consciousness of Chinese traditional culture with the western tragic spirit in literature and art performance and cultural function from the philosophical analysis of the tragedy of literature and art and the tragic spirit of the western literature and art. In order to enrich Chinese tragic culture, this paper explores the differences in philosophy, the ways of expression and the cultural and philosophical characteristics of tragic consciousness in the context of Chinese traditional culture. The use of the term tragedy is divided into daily terms in real life and terms in the classification of drama. Tragedy in dramatic terms refers to a dramatic category, which is based on the nature of dramatic conflicts. The tragic fate of the protagonist is divided into the visual effects of the drama. As the tragedy of the drama, the tragedy reflects the tragedy of reality, the core of which is the tragedy, which gives people a sense of pity and sublime. The ideal dramatic effect is to exhilarate the human spirit and purify the soul. Western tragic spirit refers to the struggle and transcendence of human beings in the face of tragic fate such as death and value destruction, which embodies the value and dignity of human beings, and is mainly reflected in western tragedies. Its development is closely related to the history of western philosophical thoughts. It embodies the publicity of the western philosophical knowledge theory tradition to the human cognition ability; the concern of the irrationalism humanism to the human freedom and the survival significance; and the Marxist existentialism, the practice theory criticizing the alienation of the human being, and the essence of the human being. The pursuit of free development. The lack of such tragic spirit in Chinese traditional culture does not mean that Chinese traditional culture has no tragic consciousness. The tragic consciousness in this paper refers to poems, words and prose reflected in Chinese traditional culture. The tragic feelings of people in drama and other literary works about the tragic situation of reality. Chinese philosophy advocates "the unity of nature and man" in ontology, which basically does not point to conflict and nothingness, thus fundamentally weakening the opposition between subject and object. And the possibility of conflict between good and evil and between spirit and flesh, which results in the tragic type of tragedy in traditional Chinese culture being mainly daily, accidental tragedy, which mainly reflects the unfortunate experience and tragic fate in daily life. Therefore, The tragic consciousness of Chinese traditional culture lacks the awareness of conflict, antagonism, complexity, diversity and thorough exploration spirit in existentialism, and lacks the publicity of individual subjectivity and the deliberate pursuit of perfection in the aspect of axiology. In the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures, we should see that one of the ideological origins of Western civilization is the tragic spirit, which constitutes the important essence of western culture, which includes the reflection on the fate of human beings and the living conditions of human beings. The publicity of the will of the individual subject contains profound epistemology and value theory. Therefore, we should draw lessons from the rationality of the western tragic spirit in the way of thinking and the concept of value, so as to enrich the tragic culture of China. Expand the ability of self-reflection, enhance the ability to challenge the crisis, develop the spirit of self-transcendence, so as to develop the vitality and creativity of Chinese culture.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0

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