后身份——拉克劳身份理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 22:14

本文选题：身份　切入点：拉克劳　出处：《北京语言大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本课题主要集中在两个方面。一是拉克劳理论中的“身份”问题。以往对拉克劳的研究主要集中在两个焦点,首先是其“话语理论”,国外论述较多;其次是他的“后马克思主义”及其与马克思主义之间的关系,这是国内研究的重点;但尚未有人对其“身份”理论进行过系统的研究。拉克劳的“话语理论”可以完整描述身份在当代社会的形成过程,身份问题又在他的政治学说中占有核心位置,因此有必要进行认真的梳理和研究。第二是把英国文化研究当作拉克劳理论的主要来源和参照体系。文化研究史方面的著作大都有意无意地将拉克劳的影响排除在外;而对拉克劳的研究则集中在他与现象学、后分析哲学、语言学、结构主义、后结构主义的关系,而忽视了如下事实:拉克劳在很大程度上是在英国文化研究基础上接受这些影响的。本文的四个部分是围绕着拉克劳的话语理论而设定的一个整体,目的是完整描述“身份”在当代社会话语结构中形成的过程。第1章是论述身份产生的场所与机制,即话语结构。在对基本概念如话语、结构、主体进行解释以后,重点是说明主体是如何被在话语中构建的,又通过何种机制而在结构中占据一个位置。第2章是话语结构的错位与对抗,它们是身份在话语结构中产生的前提条件。错位和对抗是用来说明结构之不完满性的术语。封闭的结构内不可能产生任何身份,没有错位和对抗,身份就没有产生的空间。第3章链接、节点与空洞的能指是身份形成的关键环节,身份从本质上讲是链接(articulation)性的,完全封闭和完全不稳定的结构都没有产生身份的能力。只有在不稳定的话语结构内,通过链接形成节点或空洞的能指,使结构暂时稳定,相对稳定的身份也会产生。第4章霸权、意识形态与表征是身份形成过程中所依据的重要法则。霸权具有形上的地位,话语结构的任何运作都是以霸权方式进行的。意识形态概念实际上已不是阿尔都塞式的意识形态,这里用这个概念只是说明话语把个体传唤成“主体”的过程。霸权通过表征而显现,表征和权力又不可分割。这一章的目的是在前几章的研究基础上对身份运行机制的总体说明。在这些论述中,为了更准确地解释拉克劳所使用的关键概念和理论系统,英国文化研究始终在场。
[Abstract]:This subject is mainly focused on two aspects. One is the problem of "identity" in LaCrowe's theory. In the past, the research on Raglau has mainly focused on two focal points, first of all, its "discourse theory", which has been discussed more abroad; Secondly, his "post-Marxism" and its relationship with Marxism, which is the focus of domestic research; However, no one has done any systematic research on his theory of identity. LaCrowe's Theory of discourse can describe the formation process of identity in contemporary society, and the issue of identity plays a central role in his political theory. Therefore, it is necessary to make a careful combing and research. The second is to regard the British cultural study as the main source and reference system of Laclau's theory. However, the study of Laclau focuses on his relationship with phenomenology, post-analytical philosophy, linguistics, structuralism and post-structuralism. It ignores the fact that LaCrowe accepted these influences to a large extent on the basis of British cultural studies. The four parts of this paper are a whole set around Raglau's discourse theory, the purpose of which is to describe the process of the formation of identity in the discourse structure of contemporary society. Chapter 1 discusses the place and mechanism of identity. After explaining the basic concepts such as discourse, structure and subject, the emphasis is on how the subject is constructed in the discourse. The second chapter is about the dislocation and confrontation of discourse structure. They are prerequisites for identity in discourse structures. Dislocation and confrontation are terms used to illustrate the incompleteness of the structure. No identity can be generated in a closed structure without dislocation and confrontation. There is no space for identity. Chapter 3 links, nodes and empty signifiers are the key to the formation of identity, identity is essentially linked articulation, Neither completely closed nor completely unstable structures have the ability to produce identity. It is only in unstable discourse structures that nodes or empty signifiers are formed by linking to make the structure temporarily stable. Chapter 4 hegemony, ideology and representation are the important principles that underlie the process of identity formation. Hegemony has a metaphysical status. Any operation of the discourse structure is carried out in a hegemonic way. The concept of ideology is in fact no longer an Althussian ideology. This concept is only used to illustrate the process of subpoenaing an individual as a "subject" by discourse. Hegemony is manifested through representation. Representation and power are indivisible. The purpose of this chapter is to give a general account of the operational mechanism of identity on the basis of the studies in previous chapters. In these statements, in order to explain more accurately the key concepts and theoretical systems used by Raglau, British cultural studies are always present.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I02

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