论西方女性主义文学批评的“双性同体”观

发布时间：2018-05-13 07:04

本文选题：西方女性主义文学批评 + 双性同体　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： “双性同体”是女性主义批评的一个重要概念。本文以西方女性主义文学批评的“双性同体”观为主要分析对象，试图通过梳理各文本中的“双性同体”概念，深入考察西方女性主义文学批评“双性同体”观的衍变。从而在后现代语境下，对西方女性主义的“双性同体”理论及相关的性别气质问题，有一个较系统的认识。 “双性同体”又称“雌雄同体”、“两性同体”、“两性共体”。作为女性主义理论中有关性别气质的重要概念，它在英文版本中主要涉及androgyny和bisexuality。本文首先从词源学、神话传说、心理学哲学分析，双性同体androgyny由希腊词根andro(男性)gyny(女性)构成，在希腊语中andros是男，gyne是女。而用于西方女性主义文学批评领域的“双性同体”这一概念，或指一种大脑不分性别的文学创作状态及批评标准(androgyny)，或被用来专指妇女独特的创作风格(bisexuality)，，定义颇多却又有着相同的前提。然而“双性”在理论争论中成为了一种双方都可利用的工具。卡罗琳·海尔布伦(CarolynHeilbrun)在《迈向男女双性的认识》中认为，人类应该走向没有社会性别角色模式的社会，人可以自由选择自己的行为规范。“双性同体”正是这一发展过程中不可忽视的重要理论。本文介绍了英国女作家、“意识流”小说的代表人物之一——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(Viginia Woolf)的双性同体观。她从男女平等思想出发，最先将双性同体(androgyny)这一概念用于文学创作及批评领域，在《一间自己的屋子》(1929)中指称一种最佳的文学创作状态和批评标准。在伍尔夫看来，妇女作家要冒险杀死房间里的天使并真实倾诉自己的体验。然而伍尔夫所说的“双性同体”并非是“无性”。莎士比亚、济茨、施特恩、考波、兰姆、哥勒瑞治、普鲁斯特，在伍尔夫看来都具有“双性同体”的创作头脑。其同时期作品《奥兰多》中所孕育的思想也并非仅是一个创作上的玩笑。但肖瓦尔特敏锐观察到伍尔夫所使用的his这一代词，更加确信伍尔夫的“双性同体”只不过是乌托邦式的幻想。在莫依看来，要像肖瓦尔特那样阅读《一间自己的屋子》而不受所读文本中叙述技巧的影响，如同没有阅读一样，根本不能够领会到文本所传达的真谛。相反，伍尔夫的双性同体观是女性主义对父权社会性别二元对立的伟大解构，具有革命性意义。虽然伍尔夫在《一间自己的屋子》中声称，她从柯勒律治那里借鉴来了双性同体(androgyny)思想，但实际上弗洛伊德在二十世纪初叶从生理、心理的角度就提出过有关双性同体(bisexuality)的理论观点。而弗洛伊德的双性同体观恰是法国女性主义批判的理论对象。波伏娃在《第二性》中认为，双性同体不具备个体的多样性。而西苏针对传统的双性同体(bisexuality)提出了“另一种双性同体”(other bisexuality)。此双性同体(bisexuality)不同于古老的男女双性结合(androgyny)，在词语构成上即表现出社会性别特征的多样性。实际上不论是伍尔夫引入文学批评领域的双性同体(androgyny)，还是西苏所提倡的另一种双性同体(other bisexuality)，都是对于西方父权社会性别二元对立观念的批判。而双性同体也逐渐在文化领域成为解构性别二元对立观念、倡导个体多元化的一种完善人格的象征。
[Abstract]:"Androgyny" is an important concept of feminist criticism. This article is based on the "androgyny" view of Western feminist literary criticism, trying to examine the "androgyny" concept in various texts and to examine the evolution of the "androgyny" view of Western feminist literary criticism. Under the circumstances, we have a systematic understanding of the androgyny theory and related gender issues of western feminism.
Androgyny is also called "androgyny", "androgyny" and "sexism". As an important concept of gender temperament in the feminist theory, it is mainly involved in the English version of androgyny and bisexuality., first from etymology, mythology, psychosocial analysis, androgyny androgyny by the Greek root Andr O (male) gyny (female) composition, in Greek language Andros is male, gyne is female. And the concept of "androgyny" in the field of Western feminist literary criticism, or a literary creation state and critical standard of the brain (androgyny), or used to refer to the unique creative style of women (bisexuality), a lot of definition but There is the same premise. However, "double sex" has become a tool for both sides to be used in the theoretical debate. Caroline Heilbrun (CarolynHeilbrun), in the cognition of double sex to men and women, believes that human beings should go to society without social gender role model, and people can freely choose their own behavior norms. "Double sex is the same. It is an important theory that can not be ignored in the process of development. This article introduces a British woman writer, one of the representative figures of the novel of "stream of consciousness", Virginia Woolf (Viginia Woolf), which begins with the idea of equality between men and women and first applies the concept of Androgyny to literary creation and criticism. In the "one's own house > (1929)", it is referred to as the best state of literary creation and the standard of criticism. In Woolf's view, women writers have to take risks to kill the angels in the room and tell their own experience. However, Woolf's "androgyny" is not "sexless". Shakespeare, Stern, Kao Po, lamb Columbia, Proust, and Proust, all with Woolf's "androgyny" creative mind. His contemporaneous works < Orlando > is not only a creative joke. But Showalter is keen to observe the pronoun of the his used by Woolf, more convinced that Woolf is only "androgyny" only The utopian fantasy. In Moy's view, to read "one's own house" like Showalter and not to be influenced by the narrative techniques in the text read, as without reading, it is impossible to comprehend the true meaning of the text. On the contrary, the androgyny of Woolf is the two dollar opposition of Feminism to the patriarchal gender. The great deconstruction is revolutionary. Although Woolf claims in his own house that she learned androgyny thought from Coleridge, Freud had put forward the theory of the theory of Androgyny (bisexuality) from the physiological and psychological point of view in the early twentieth Century, and Freud's double. The concept of androgyny is exactly the theoretical object of the criticism of French feminism. In < second sex >, Beauvior believes that androgyny does not have individual diversity. The Western Soviet Union proposed "other bisexuality" for the traditional androgyny (bisexuality). The androgyny (bisexuality) is different from the old male and female bisexual knot. Androgyny, in terms of the composition of words, shows the diversity of gender characteristics. In fact, whether it is Woolf's androgyny (androgyny) introduced into the field of literary criticism or the other type of Androgyny (other bisexuality) advocated by Western Soviet Union, it is a critique of the gender two opposition concept of the western patriarchal society. It has gradually become a symbol of perfect personality in the field of culture to deconstruct the concept of two opposite sexes and advocate individual pluralism.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I06

【引证文献】