文学主体间性视域中的弱者存在

发布时间：2018-06-03 02:56

本文选题：主体间性 + 弱者　；参考：《广西师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 从西方哲学和美学来看,交往和对话已成为当今世界全力关注的重要问题之一,当代许多不同传统的哲学家、美学家都阐发了交往和对话的极端重要性。20世纪初,马丁·布伯就关注人类相互关系的交往与对话问题,60年代以来,伽达默尔和哈贝马斯分别代表哲学解释学与批判解释学进行的辩论,就以语言的交流与对话为其论之焦点,而普来斯纳、雅斯贝尔斯以及阿贝尔则从哲学、人类学、存在主义和先验实用主义出发关注人类的对话、交往与沟通。同时,巴赫金将其全部文学理论奠基于对话之上,从语言的开放性入手,认为生活的本质即是对话,人类最基本的相互关系就是对话关系。主体间性理论的出现正是这股对话思潮的主要体现。主体间性强调主体之间的对话与交往,倡导平等的生存,尊重每一个体存在的权利,对人与世界之间本真和谐的关系建构意义重大。用主体间性理论来阐释文学,我们会发现文学活动中存在着多重的对话关系,不仅作者与作者、作者与读者、作者与文本、文本与文本、文本与读者、读者与读者之间存在着对话与交流,而且在文本内部,作者与人物、人物与人物、人物与自身之间也有着深层的对话,正是这各种各样的对话展示了文学存在的独特性和人类精神世界的丰富性。弱者作为社会生活中一个独特的存在,自古以来就引起富有同情心和正义感的文学家的关注。弱者走进文学作品,通过作家们的富含感情的描述,弱者得以从底层走向前台,从而引发更多人的关注。研究弱者在文学文本中的存在,不仅对文学本身价值的拓展意义重大,而且对弱者在社会中的生存状况的改善也有极大的引导作用。但就目前来看绝大多数的研究只是局限于把弱者作为客观的描述对象来看待,且主要探讨改善他们外在的生存状态及提高他们物质层面上的生活水准,极少有从精神层面去观照弱者的生存的,至于从主体间性的对话立场去研究弱者在文学文本中的存在更是罕见。这不能不说是文学研究中的一大缺失,因此,本文就试图从文学主体间性的立场来研究文学文本中弱者的关系性存在,进而探讨弱者的更深层的精神层面的需求,希望能对从根本上改善弱者所处的劣势地位有一定的帮助。在分析了弱者在文学主体间性视域中的存在状况之后,我们尝试着转入更大的社会场景中,考察弱者在现实生存中非本真的存在。通过考察,我们发现从文学走入社会,弱者也从“我—你”的关系性存在走向“我—它”的对象性存在,即弱者在社会中远未达到对话性的生存,至于哈贝马斯所追求的交往合理性,对弱者而言,也只是一个
[Abstract]:From the point of view of western philosophy and aesthetics, communication and dialogue have become one of the most important issues that the world pays close attention to today. Many contemporary traditional philosophers and aestheticians have elucidated the extreme importance of communication and dialogue at the beginning of the 20th century. Since 1960's, Gadamer and Habermas, on behalf of philosophical hermeneutics and critical hermeneutics, have focused on the communication and dialogue of language. Plessner, Jaspers and Abel focus on human dialogue, communication and communication from philosophy, anthropology, existentialism and transcendental pragmatism. At the same time, Bakhtin bases his whole literary theory on dialogue, starting with the openness of language, he thinks that the essence of life is dialogue, and the most basic relationship between human beings is dialogue. The emergence of inter-subjectivity theory is the main embodiment of this trend of thought. The inter-subjectivity emphasizes the dialogue and communication between the subjects, advocates the equal existence, and respects the rights of each individual, which is of great significance to the construction of the true harmonious relationship between human beings and the world. Using the theory of intersubjectivity to explain literature, we will find that there are many dialogical relations in literary activities, not only the author and the author, the author and the reader, the author and the text, the text and the reader. There is dialogue and communication between readers and readers, and within the text, there is also a deep dialogue between the author and the characters, and between the characters and themselves. It is this kind of dialogue that shows the uniqueness of literary existence and the richness of human spiritual world. As a unique existence in social life, the weak have attracted the attention of sympathetic and righteous writers since ancient times. The weak enter into the literary works, through the writers rich in emotional description, the weak from the bottom to the foreground, thus attracting more people's attention. The study of the existence of the weak in literary texts is of great significance not only to the expansion of the value of literature itself, but also to the improvement of the living conditions of the weak in society. But at present, most of the studies are limited to the weak as an objective object of description, and mainly about improving their external living conditions and improving their living standards on the material level. It is rare to study the existence of the weak in literary texts from the standpoint of dialogue between subjects. This cannot be said to be a major deficiency in literary research. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the relationship of the weak in literary texts from the standpoint of intersubjectivity, and then to explore the needs of the weaker in the deeper spiritual level. Hope to fundamentally improve the disadvantaged position of the weak have some help. After analyzing the existence of the weak in the perspective of literary intersubjectivity, we try to turn to a larger social scene and investigate the non-real existence of the weak in the real existence. Through investigation, we find that from literature to society, the weak also move from the relationship existence of "I-you" to the object existence of "me-it", that is, the weak person is far from achieving the dialogical existence in the society. As for the rationality of communication pursued by Habermas, to the weak, it is only a
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I025

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