论福柯主体性哲学视野中的作者问题

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:08

本文选题：主体 + 作者　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：作者问题是文艺批评中的核心问题之一,总是引起各方争议,一直以来都受到哲学家、文论批评家的广泛关注。从古希腊到中世纪再至文艺复兴,人们对于作者属性的理解一直停留在本质主义的层面上。到了福柯那里,作者的属性和地位发生了颠覆性的变化,福柯理论视野中的作者观为深入研究作者问题提供了一个全新的视角。本论文主要从福柯的权力话语学说入手,联系他的主体理论,对其作者理论做系统的阐发说明。共分四部分。第一部分导论,主要梳理了前人研究福柯作者理论的成果,总结了它们的成败得失,并提出了自己的研究目标。第二部分论述了福柯对作者地位的理解。在福柯之前人们从本质主义思想出发,将作者看成是一种普遍永恒的现实存在体,是作品的创造者、本源,福柯一反传统观念,将作者看成是特定时代(十七世纪以后)人们对特定社会主体(文学写作者)的界定和命名,是话语性的,指示的是一组、一套或一类文学文本的陈述所呈现出来的统一性,简而言之,它是一个历史性概念,产生于十七世纪,当前其含义己发生巨大变化,作为一个特定时代形成的历史性概念,它正濒于消亡。谈及作者的地位,在福柯之前人们普遍将他视为文学世界的主宰者,是作品的生产者,作品意义的发源地。福柯提出了新看法,认为作者是某一时代文化和文学的言说者,是特定时代的话语载体,最终受制于当时的知识体系、言说方式、社会机制等社会力量(权力),他不是包括文学文本在内的各种话语的缔造者,不是心理性的,而是各种话语的副产品和代理者,是功能性的,其地位一落干丈,从主宰者,变成了话语中介人。第三部分讨论了福柯对作者的功能问题的看法。在福柯看来,作者不是实体性的、个性化的,不是文学话语的主宰和文学文本的创造者,而是一种转达特定时代文化和文学话语的形式,是功能性的、社会化的,是特定时代文学话语的承载者,是文学文本中某种话语统一性的表征。后结构主义的另一位理论大师罗兰·巴特也曾激烈否定过作者的主导地位,提出了著名的“作者死了”命题,不过在他那里,决定制约作者的不是特定的社会力量(权力)和它的表现形式如某一时代人们的思想观念、言说方式、普遍说法、社会机制等,而是抽象的语言系统、言语机制。第四部分反思了罗兰·巴特和福柯的后结构主义作者理论,力图在罗兰·巴特和福柯两人对话的基础上,就作者问题提出更为全面、合理、切实的观点。
[Abstract]:The question of the author is one of the core issues in literary and art criticism, which has always aroused controversy and been widely concerned by philosophers and critics of literary theory. From ancient Greece to the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, people's understanding of the author's attributes has remained at the level of essentialism. To Foucault, the author's property and status have changed subversely, and the author's view in Foucault's theory provides a new perspective for the further study of the author's problem. This thesis mainly starts with Foucault's theory of power discourse, connecting with his theory of subject, and gives a systematic explanation of his author's theory. It is divided into four parts. The first part of the introduction, mainly combing the previous research results of Foucault author theory, summarized their success or failure, and put forward their own research goals. The second part discusses Foucault's understanding of author's status. Prior to Foucault, people regarded the author as a universal and eternal reality being, the creator of the work, the source, and Foucault opposed to the traditional idea. The definition and naming of a particular social subject (literary writer) in a particular era (after the seventeenth century) is discursive, indicating the unity of a set of statements, a set of literary texts, or a class of literary texts, In short, it is a historical concept, born in the seventeenth century, its meaning has undergone great changes, as a historical concept formed in a specific era, it is on the verge of extinction. Speaking of the author's position, Foucault was generally regarded as the master of the literary world, the producer of his works and the birthplace of the meaning of his works. Foucault puts forward a new view that the author is the speaker of culture and literature of a certain era and the discourse carrier of a particular era, and is ultimately subject to the knowledge system and the way of speech. Social forces such as social mechanism (power), he is not the creator of all kinds of discourse, including literary texts, not psychological, but the by-product and agent of all kinds of discourse, is functional, its position has a dry, from the master, Become a discourse intermediary. The third part discusses Foucault's views on the author's function. In Foucault's view, the author is not substantive, individualized, not the master of literary discourse and the creator of literary text, but a form of conveying the cultural and literary discourse of a particular era, and is functional and socialized. It is the bearer of literary discourse in a specific era and the representation of the unity of certain discourse in literary texts. Roland Bart, another post-structuralist theorist, also vehemently denied the author's dominance and put forward the famous "author dead" proposition, but in his case, What determines the author is not the specific social force (power) and its forms of expression, such as the ideology, the way of speech, the universal view, the social mechanism, but the abstract language system and the speech mechanism. The fourth part reflects on Roland Bart and Foucault's poststructuralist author theory, and tries to put forward a more comprehensive, reasonable and practical point of view on the basis of the dialogue between Roland Bart and Foucault.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I0

【相似文献】