《百喻经》与《伊索寓言》比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 22:45

本文选题：《百喻经》 + 《伊索寓言》　；参考：《延边大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 黑格儿在他的《美学》中，把“寓言”归结为“比喻的艺术”，这一见解非常精辟。寓言是人类早期的一种文学体裁，它以简短的故事作为譬喻或象征，说明抽象的道理和人生哲理。寓言最早产生于流传在民间的群众口头创作，寓言作为民间故事的一部分，在世界文学史上占有非常重要的地位。世界古代寓言的三大发祥地是中国、印度和希腊。印度的《百喻经》中收录佛教经典，把佛教性价值和艺术性价值集于一身，具有自身的独创性。所以《百喻经》又是与古希腊的《伊索寓言》相齐名的寓言故事集，两部作品分别是东西方寓言集的代表。《百喻经》与《伊索寓言》中的寓言故事，用拟人，比喻，象征，夸张等手法来，象征和影射人类社会的某些现象，达到譬喻的目的。但是，印度寓言故事和西方寓言故事不尽相同，就寓言中的角色而言，，在西方寓言中动物形象占据着特别重要的位置，相对于西方，东方的寓言故事则以人物故事为居多，与当时的社会文化背景有着密切的联系。本文利用平行研究方法，从结构、题材、艺术风格、主人公类型等几个方面探讨《百喻经》与《伊索寓言》这两部作品，进而分别在《百喻经》和《伊索寓言》中选出七个相似的故事，以马克思主义历史唯物论和辩证唯物论为基础，综合运用水平研究和影响研究等比较文学的研究方法，对两部作品进行多方面的比较分析，深入探讨《百喻经》与《伊索寓言》的共性与差异以及发展规律，这对更好地理解东西方寓言，以及对东西方文化和文学的比较研究，具有一定的学术价值，而且，对东西方具有代表性的两部寓言作品进行比较研究本身就有重要的意义。通过研究得出东西方寓言的文学发展法则，即寓言的出现都是在古代人民处在最艰苦和恶劣的生活环境时；主人公类型上说东西方寓言里较少出现女性形象和植物形象；题材方面都是对民间故事的收集、加工和再创造；艺术风格方面上看内容诙谐，语言精辟，篇幅较小；主题方面都强调生活中的智慧和道德性；在《百喻经》与《伊索寓言》中，可以看到古印度民间故事的痕迹，数量上说《百喻经》中的比重更大一些，《伊索寓言》中只占极少一部分，从异源相似的观点来说，把两部作品看作是各自独立的创作更为合适。总之《百喻经》和《伊索寓言》作为东西方具有代表性的寓言集，给后续的寓言创作带来了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In his < aesthetics > he attributed the "fable" to "the art of Metaphorical". This interpretation is very penetrating. The fable is a literary genre in the early days of mankind. It uses a short story as a metaphor or symbol to explain the abstract truth and the philosophy of life.
The fable was first produced in the oral creation of the people in the folk. As a part of the folktale, fables occupy a very important position in the history of world literature. The three birthplaces of the ancient fables of the world are China, India and Greece. The Buddhist classics in India's "Yu Jing >" set the Buddhist and artistic values together. It has its own originality. So the "Yu Jing" is a fable set of fable stories in which the ancient Greek allegorical fables are in the same name. The two works are the representatives of the eastern and Western fables.
The allegorical stories in "Yu Jing" and "Aesop's fable" use personification, metaphor, symbolism and exaggeration to symbolize and shadow some phenomena of human society and achieve the purpose of metaphor. However, India fable stories are different from Western fables, and the characters in fables occupy a particularly important position in Western fables. Compared with the west, the eastern fable is dominated by people's stories, which is closely related to the social and cultural background at that time.
This paper uses parallel research methods to discuss the two works from the structure, the subject matter, the artistic style, the protagonist and so on, and then select seven similar stories in the "Yu Jing" and the Aesop's fable, and based on Marx's historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The research method of comparative literature, such as study and influence research, makes a comparative analysis of the two works, and explores the generality and difference between the "Bai Yu Jing" and the Aesop's fable and the law of development. It has a certain academic value for better understanding the eastern and Western fables and the comparative study of the culture and literature of the East and the west, and to the East. The comparative study of two representative fable works in the west is of great significance.
By studying the literary development rule of the eastern and Western fables, that is, the appearance of the fable is when the ancient people are in the arduous and abominable living environment; the hero types say that there is less female image and plant image in the eastern and Western fables; the subject matter is the collection, processing and re creation of the folk stories; the artistic style is square. The content is witty, the language is incisive and the length is small; the themes all emphasize the wisdom and morality of life; in the book of Yu Jing and the Aesop's fable, we can see the traces of the ancient India folktales, in the number of the larger proportion of the "Yu Jing", and the few of the Aesop's fables, from a similar point of view. It is more appropriate to regard the two works as separate works.
In short, the metaphor and the Aesop's fables, as the representative fables of the East and West, have a profound influence on the subsequent fable creation.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-03;I106

【参考文献】