“不对称的权力关系”：《老残游记》三种英译研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 19:59

【摘要】： “翻译，作为一种实践，在殖民主义操纵下的不对称关系中得以成形。”(妮南贾纳，1992：2)目前，随着翻译的文化转向，越来越多的翻译研究者将目光投向了一个翻译研究的新视角---后殖民视角，翻译被置于更为广阔的政治文化语境中，关注文本生成的外部制约条件，如社会，政治，经济，文化和意识形态等因素，关注译文对译入语文化中的文学规范和文化规范所产生的影响。后殖民翻译理论是后殖民主义与译学结合的产物。后殖民翻译理论家们认为在后殖民语境下西方人继续将东方人构想为一种原型的东方形象---生理上低人一等而在文化上落后、怪异和守旧，目的是为他们的文化殖民找寻一个合理的借口。有着优越文化身份的译者们在一种想象中的“他者”形象的操控下，会选择符合他们心目中业已形成的对源语文化的期待或满足目的语文化当时的某种文化心理需要的文本。他们通常会采用一定的翻译策略，不惜变形甚至抛弃弱势文化的代价去迎合目的语文化，以便使他们的译本比较顺利地进入目的语文化。在这篇论文中，作者将从后殖民视角对刘鹗的代表作《老残游记》的三个英译本进行了尝试性的研究和评价，基于后殖民理论、后殖民翻译理论、勒菲弗尔的文化翻译理论和比较文学的形象学理论，结合韦努迪提出的掠夺式翻译和阻抗式翻译的观点，考察了三位具有不同文化身份的翻译家在几乎同一时期的译本，旨在揭露在翻译过程中存在中西方之间的不平等的文化交流。林语堂，具有独特西方文化背景，有着浓厚自我东方主义和美国文化中心论的翻译家，更多关注译本在强势文化的接受情况和译本对于接受者的娱乐性。杨宪益，《老残游记》的翻译之际，沉浸在浓厚的西方文化氛围中，同时受到翻译赞助者的操控，自然而然产生了迎合处于强势文化中的接受读者的心理需求。沙迪克，一位土生土长的美国汉学家，当然不会忘记和他一样处于强势文化的读者们。作者总结到三位翻译家在各自的译本中都采用了归化的翻译策略，造成了中国本土文化的误传和促进了文化帝国主义的进程。本文将围绕译者所采用的具体翻译策略展开。第一章对后殖民理论、后殖民翻译理论、《老残游记》及其翻译情况进行简要地介绍，同时阐述研究方法和意义。在第二章中，，研究重点放在三位译者对于清朝官员和勇于向封建传统挑战的女性形象的翻译上，通过译文与原文的细致比较，结合译者的文化身份，接受环境的综合分析，探明译者为了顺利进入处于强势的西方文化中对于出现在小说中的玉贤，玉姑，逸云等形象的歪曲和变形。第三章中，观察的视角转入到小说的另一个因素---背景的描写上。根据胡适的观点，小说的独特成就在于对于景色和音乐的描写上。研究的重点放在大明湖，王小玉和黄河冻冰。《老残游记》是最后一部古代经典小说，因此在采用一些现代叙事模式的同时也不可避免地保留了很多传统的叙事模式，在第四章中重点从事模式方面对出现在译本中的删改进行具体的分析，通过原文本与译本在叙事模式的三个不同方面---叙事时间、叙事角度和叙事结构的比较，并提供大量实例予以证明，总结出译者在后殖民语境下面对强势的西方文化与弱势的东方文化碰撞时的价值取向。为了进一步彰显存在翻译后面不对称的权力关系，在第五章中，作者从修辞方面，包括隐喻和典故，对译本中的删改进行细致的分析。最后，作者具体对比了中文原文与三个译本中关于宗教，物质和社会文化的字，词和句的语言表达，再一次揭露了翻译在后殖民主义语境中被强势权利所控制的并通过归化的策略来达到其文化同化的目的。本研究的意义，同时也是创新点在于己于1)本论文是一篇以后殖民主义翻译理论为依据，采用文本分析的方法，探讨和研究在后殖民主义语境下翻译构筑的不对称的权力关系。目前这样的原文与译本具体到字，词和句的比较还很少。2)本文从叙事模式，叙事语言等方面对出现在译本中的删改进行具体的分析，并提供大量实例予以证明，目前我国还没有出现这样的论文。3)对《老残游记》的译本从后殖民视角出发进行分析研究，在我国翻译研究中实属首例。本论文虽有许多不足之处，但对我国的翻译研究提供了一个新的方向和角度。
[Abstract]:"Translation, as a practice, is formed in the asymmetric relationship under the manipulation of colonialism." (Bnnie Nan Jana, 1992:2) at present, with the cultural turn of translation, more and more translation researchers focus on a new perspective of translation studies - the post colonialism angle, which is placed in a broader political and cultural context. Focus on the external constraints of text generation, such as social, political, economic, cultural and ideological factors, and the influence of translation on literary norms and cultural norms in the culture of translation. Postcolonial translation theory is the product of the combination of post colonialism and translation. Postcolonial translation theorists believe that the post colonial translation theorists are in the West context. The people continue to conceive of the Orientals as an archetypal Oriental Image - physically inferior and culturally backward, weird and conservative. The purpose is to find a reasonable excuse for their cultural colonies. Translators with superior cultural identity, under the manipulation of an imaginary "other" image, will choose to conform to their mind. It has been formed to expect or satisfy the cultural and psychological needs of the target culture at that time. They usually adopt certain translation strategies to cater to the target culture at the expense of deforming or even discarding the disadvantaged culture in order to make their translations more smoothly into the culture of the target language.
In this paper, the author will make an attempt to study and evaluate the three English versions of Liu E's representative work, "the old disability travel" from the post colonial perspective, based on post colonial theory, postcolonial translation theory, Lefebvre's cultural translation theory and comparative literature's image theory, and the predatory translation and impedance style proposed by Venuti. In the view of translation, the translation of three translators with different cultural identities in the same period was examined to expose the unequal cultural exchanges between the West and the Chinese in the process of translation. Lin Yutang, with a unique Western cultural background, has a strong sense of self orient and American cultural centrism, and more attention. The acceptance of strong culture and the translation of the translation for the entertainer of the recipient. In the translation of Yang Xianyi and the old remnants, the translation was immersed in a strong Western cultural atmosphere and controlled by the sponsors of the translation. It naturally produced the psychological needs of the readers who were in a strong culture. Sadegh, a native born American Sinologists of the United States, of course, will not forget the readers who are in a strong culture like him. The author concludes that three translators have adopted domesticated translation strategies in their respective translations, resulting in the misinterpretation of Chinese native culture and the promotion of the process of cultural imperialism.
The first chapter gives a brief introduction to the post colonial theory, postcolonial translation theory, the old disability travel book and its translation, at the same time expounds the research methods and significance. In the second chapter, the research focuses on the three translators who have challenged the Qing officials and the women who are brave in the feudal tradition. In the translation of the image, through the careful comparison of the translation and the original text, combining the translator's cultural identity and the comprehensive analysis of the environment, the author explores the distortion and change of the image of Yu Xian, Yu gun and Yi Yun in the novel in order to enter the strong Western culture. In the third chapter, the perspective of the observation is transferred to the other of the novel. A factor - the description of the background. According to Hu Shi's point of view, the unique achievement of the novel lies in the description of the scenery and music. The focus of the study is in the Daming Lake, Wang Xiaoyu and the Yellow River frozen. "The old remnants" is the last classical novel, so it is unavoidable to retain a lot of modern narrative patterns. The traditional narrative mode, in the fourth chapter, focuses on the analysis of the deletion in the translation, and compares the narrative time, the narrative angle and the narrative structure in the three different aspects of the narrative pattern in the original and the translated versions, and provides a large number of examples to prove that the translator is under the post colonial context. In the fifth chapter, the author makes a detailed analysis of the deletions in the translation from the rhetorical aspect, including metaphor and allusions in the fifth chapter. Finally, the author contrasts the Chinese original and the three translations in detail. The language expression of words, words and sentences about religion, material and social culture once again reveals the purpose of translating culture into its cultural assimilation by the strategy of strong power in the post colonial context and by the strategy of naturalization.
The significance of this study, but also the innovation point lies in 1. This paper is a post colonial translation theory, based on the method of text analysis, to explore and study the asymmetrical power relationship constructed in the post colonial context. At present, the comparison of the original and the translated text to the word, the word and the sentence is rarely.2) From the narrative mode, the narrative language and other aspects of the deletion of the translation of the specific analysis, and provide a large number of examples to prove that at present, China has not yet appeared such a paper.3) to analyze the translation of "old disabled travel book" from the post colonial perspective, in our country's translation study is the first example. Although there are a lot of this thesis Shortcomings, but it provides a new direction and perspective for translation studies in China.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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