言语行为理论视域下的文学语言观
发布时间：2018-08-04 21:42
【摘要】：文学是语言的艺术,不管人们从什么样的角度来研究文学,都不能忽视语言在文学中的作用。然而在不同时期,人们的文学观念不一样,所持有的文学语言观也具有明显的不同。到目前为止,人们对待文学语言的态度主要有两种：一种是把文学中的语言看作是工具、是载体,主要负责通过对世界的模仿来传递文学作品的内容和作者的感情；第二种是把文学中的语言看成文学的本体存在,即文学并不是什么其它的东西,而就是语言本身。在这两种文学语言观中,前者把语言置于一种附属的位置,轻视了语言在文学中的价值；后者虽然充分地重视了文学语言在文学中的作用,但又因过于封闭式的研究方式,而使得文学与外部世界应有的联系被割裂了。总的来说,虽然这两种文学语言观在特定的历史时期都产生过积极的意义,并从不同的角度挖掘了文学语言的功能,但从语言具有的实现人交往活动的能力出发,“工具论”和“本体论”的语言观显然都忽视了语言具有动态的、行为实践的一面,而仅把文学语言局限在静止、狭小的研究范围中。 因此,本文的论题就是希望从一个动态、开放的视角重新看待语言和文学的关系,以及语言在文学中所具有的价值。而这个新视角就是言语行为理论的观点。言语行为理论是由英国日常语言哲学学派的主要代表人物J.L.奥斯汀提出并创立的,其最大的创新之处就是明确了语言的“施为性”功能,认为语言在说话的同时也是在做事,言语行动才是人们话语的最小单位。该理论的诞生对很多领域都产生了巨大的影响,但是几位言语行为理论的主要代表人物在他们的学说中却并不承认言语行为理论对文学语言具有适用性。直到20世纪80年代,经过一系列文学批评家对言语行为理论的论证分析,才终于让言语行为理论被广泛地运用到对文学的分析研究中,使得人们在文学的研究方法上又找到一条了崭新的路径。与此同时,人们对文学语言的价值也有了新判断。 把言语行为理论的理论观点应用于文学作品的具体话语中,文学语言也就可以被看作具备了“施为性”的功能,同时,文学也成为了一种特殊的言语活动。又由于语言的言语行为可以被分为三个层面：以言表意、以言行事和以言取效。所以本文认为具体到文学文本里,文学语言的言语行为可以被相应地理解为以下三个方面：1.文学语言对文学世界及人的新思想的创造与建构;2.文学语言引导下的多元化交往活动;3.文学语言对现实的影响与改造。通过对文学语言语行为的具体表现分析,我们得出结论说：言语行为理论在文学语言研究中的应用,使得文学语言动态、交往的一面被挖掘,也在一定程度上丰富了我们对文学的研究方法,使得文学在贴近生活的同时,把语言、主体、语境等多方面的因索给综合了起来,形成一种具有鲜明的综合性特征的研究视野。
[Abstract]:Literature is the art of language. However, in different periods, people's literary concepts are different, and their views on literary language are obviously different. Up to now, there are two kinds of attitudes towards literary language: one is to regard the language in literature as a tool and a carrier, which is mainly responsible for transmitting the contents of literary works and the feelings of the author through imitation of the world; The second is to regard the language in literature as the existence of literature, that is, literature is not anything else, but language itself. In these two literary language views, the former puts language in a subordinate position and belittles the value of language in literature. The relationship between literature and the outside world is severed. Generally speaking, although these two views of literary language have produced positive meanings in a specific historical period, and excavated the functions of literary language from different angles, they are based on the ability of language to realize people's communication activities. Both the tool theory and the ontology obviously ignore the dynamic and practical aspects of language, and limit the literary language to a static and narrow range of research. Therefore, this thesis hopes to review the relationship between language and literature from a dynamic and open perspective, as well as the value of language in literature. This new perspective is the view of speech act theory. The theory of speech act is mainly represented by J.LL, a representative of the English School of philosophy of everyday language. Austin's greatest innovation is to clarify the function of "acting" in language, which holds that language is the smallest unit of human speech when it is speaking and doing things at the same time. The birth of the theory has had a great impact on many fields, but the main representatives of the speech act theory do not recognize the applicability of the speech act theory to the literary language in their theory. It was not until the 1980s, after a series of literary critics' argumentation and analysis of speech act theory, that speech act theory was widely applied to the study of literature. It makes people find a new way in literature research. At the same time, people also have a new judgment on the value of literary language. If the theory of speech act theory is applied to the concrete discourse of literary works, literary language can be regarded as having the function of "doing well", at the same time, literature has become a special speech activity. Because the speech act of language can be divided into three levels: express the meaning by words, words and deeds, and take effect by words. Therefore, the author thinks that the speech act of literary language can be interpreted as the following three aspects: 1: 1. The creation and construction of literary language to the literary world and the new thought of man. The diversified communication activities under the guidance of literary language. The influence and Transformation of Literary language on reality. By analyzing the specific performance of literary language behavior, we draw the conclusion that the application of speech act theory in literary language research makes the dynamic and communicative aspects of literary language excavated. To a certain extent, it enriches our research methods of literature, which makes literature integrate language, subject, context and so on in order to form a kind of research field with distinct comprehensive characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I045
本文编号：2165253
[Abstract]:Literature is the art of language. However, in different periods, people's literary concepts are different, and their views on literary language are obviously different. Up to now, there are two kinds of attitudes towards literary language: one is to regard the language in literature as a tool and a carrier, which is mainly responsible for transmitting the contents of literary works and the feelings of the author through imitation of the world; The second is to regard the language in literature as the existence of literature, that is, literature is not anything else, but language itself. In these two literary language views, the former puts language in a subordinate position and belittles the value of language in literature. The relationship between literature and the outside world is severed. Generally speaking, although these two views of literary language have produced positive meanings in a specific historical period, and excavated the functions of literary language from different angles, they are based on the ability of language to realize people's communication activities. Both the tool theory and the ontology obviously ignore the dynamic and practical aspects of language, and limit the literary language to a static and narrow range of research. Therefore, this thesis hopes to review the relationship between language and literature from a dynamic and open perspective, as well as the value of language in literature. This new perspective is the view of speech act theory. The theory of speech act is mainly represented by J.LL, a representative of the English School of philosophy of everyday language. Austin's greatest innovation is to clarify the function of "acting" in language, which holds that language is the smallest unit of human speech when it is speaking and doing things at the same time. The birth of the theory has had a great impact on many fields, but the main representatives of the speech act theory do not recognize the applicability of the speech act theory to the literary language in their theory. It was not until the 1980s, after a series of literary critics' argumentation and analysis of speech act theory, that speech act theory was widely applied to the study of literature. It makes people find a new way in literature research. At the same time, people also have a new judgment on the value of literary language. If the theory of speech act theory is applied to the concrete discourse of literary works, literary language can be regarded as having the function of "doing well", at the same time, literature has become a special speech activity. Because the speech act of language can be divided into three levels: express the meaning by words, words and deeds, and take effect by words. Therefore, the author thinks that the speech act of literary language can be interpreted as the following three aspects: 1: 1. The creation and construction of literary language to the literary world and the new thought of man. The diversified communication activities under the guidance of literary language. The influence and Transformation of Literary language on reality. By analyzing the specific performance of literary language behavior, we draw the conclusion that the application of speech act theory in literary language research makes the dynamic and communicative aspects of literary language excavated. To a certain extent, it enriches our research methods of literature, which makes literature integrate language, subject, context and so on in order to form a kind of research field with distinct comprehensive characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I045
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