新批评反讽及其现代神话

发布时间：2019-06-26 21:55

【摘要】： 无论是作为一种语言技巧,还是作为一种思维方式,作为一种哲学态度,反讽都有漫长的历史。人们对之进行理论上的概括,亦有相当时日。在这个历程中,新批评派功不可没。本文旨在将反讽置于新批评的整体理论框架下加以考察,系统地梳理、分析和批判新批评派对于反讽的分析,特别是他们对反讽的意义机制所做的分析。他们对反讽的理论探讨,最终导致了对某种神话的追求,新批评派诗歌美学由此追求的是一种神话式的状态。在这个基础上,本文拟透过反讽一词,对新批评进行透视,对其理论上的功过、是非,进行分析与评判。第一章考察新批评反讽的生成背景。新批评反讽是在改造传统反讽观念的基础上形成的,在这种改造中它既接受了浪漫派文学思想的影响,也接受了玄学派诗歌与现代派诗歌的影响。第二到第四章考察新批评反讽的意义机制。新批评家认为反讽是文本的结构原则,这种结构原则中所蕴含的意义机制包括意义的生成、意义的包容、意义的结构三个层面。新批评家对于神话的追求在这三个层面中都有所体现。第二章考察意义的生成机制。不同层次的、不同性质的对立面在文本内被并置在一起,它们在语境的压力下,其意义向对立方转化,生成了一个个新的意义。在文学本体论的理论框架下我们考察意义的生成机制,可以发现它追求一种空间化的效果,这导致诗学强调的不再是历时性,而是共时性。新批评家由此将文本视为一种空间形式,这种对共时性的追求,排斥了时间与历史,排斥了因果关系,最终走向了神话。第三章考察意义的包容机制。对立的意义由想象统一在一起,共同被包容在一个整体之内。在感受力统一的理论框架下我们考察意义的包容机制,可以发现它强调文本的复杂性,追求最大量意识状态,这导致诗学强调的不再是美而是真。意义的统一的背后是一种玄学世界观,它认为万物皆始于一,对应存在于一切事物之中。这种观念使新批评家持有的是同一性思维,他们对于反讽的认识由此受制于远至浪漫主义时期的象征主义美学。第四章考察意义的结构机制。各种生成的意义在动态的对立转化中,所形成的一切相反相成的意义被综合在一起,形成了诗的总体意义,也即其戏剧化结构。在文学是一种知识的理论框架下我们考察意义的结构机制,可以发现它主张一种特殊的摹仿论,通过对绝对经验的摹仿,诗成为客观化的经验,成为可以用来交流的公共物,它主张经验的传导,反对诗的阐释。从中可以看出新批评的背后暗含着这样一种假设,那就是认为语言具有透明性,它能准确无误地传达任何经验。第五章考察新批评反讽的意识形态性质。新批评家对神话式状态的追求,新批评家的保守主义思想,都渗透到了他们的诗学建构之中,新批评作为一种保守形式主义,是他们社会理想的诗学结晶,这使新批评具有了意识形态与乌托邦的双重性质。
[Abstract]:As a kind of language skill, or as a way of thinking, as a kind of philosophical attitude, the irony has a long history. It is also time for people to sum up the theory. In this course, the new criticism is unproductive. The purpose of this paper is to study the irony in the framework of the overall theory of the new criticism, and to systematically sort out, analyze and criticize the new criticism on the analysis of the irony, especially the analysis of the mechanism of the irony. Their theoretical discussion on irony eventually led to the pursuit of some sort of myth, and the new criticism of the poetry aesthetics is a myth-style state. On the basis of this, this paper intends to make a perspective on the new criticism through the word irony, and to analyze and judge the merits of the new criticism. The first chapter is to investigate the new The new criticism irony is formed on the basis of the transformation of the traditional irony. In this transformation, it has accepted both the influence of the romantic literature and the poetry of the metaphysical school. The influence of modern poetry. The second to fourth chapter is to examine the significance mechanism of the irony of the new criticism. The new critic believes that the irony is the structural principle of the text, and the meaning mechanism contained in this structure principle is of significance. A three-dimensional, meaningful, inclusive, meaningful structure. New critics The pursuit of the myth is at these three levels The second chapter examines the mechanism of the creation of the meaning. The opposite of the different nature of the different levels are put together in the text, and it In the context of the pressure of the context, the significance of its significance to the transformation of the cube and the creation of a new meaning. Under the theoretical framework of the literary ontology, we look at the mechanism of the generation of the meaning, and can find it to pursue. A spatialization effect, which causes the poetics to stress that it is no longer a diachronic, but a synchronic. The new critic thus regards the text as a form of space, which The pursuit of sex, the exclusion of time and history The cause of the causal relationship was rejected and the myth was finally made. Chapter three examines the inclusive mechanism of the meaning. The opposite meaning is united with the imagination and is contained within a whole. Under the theory of the unity of the sense of force, we look into the inclusive mechanism of the meaning. It can be found that it emphasizes the complexity of the text and pursues the most significant state of consciousness, which leads to the emphasis of the poetics not to be beautiful but to be true The back of the meaning of unity is a metaphysical world view, which considers all things to begin with one and the corresponding ones that exist in all things. This idea makes the new critic It's identity. They're right. In the sense of irony, it is subject to the symbolism aesthetics of the time to the romanticism. Chapter 4 examines the mechanism of the structure of the meaning. In the dynamic opposite transformation, the meaning of all the forms of anti-corruption is integrated together to form the general meaning of the poem, that is, the dramatization structure. In the framework of the theory of knowledge, the structure mechanism of the meaning can be found, and it can be found to be one of the ideas. special imitation theory, Through the imitation of the absolute experience, the poem becomes the objective experience and becomes a common object which can be used for communication. It advocates the conduction of experience and the interpretation of the poem. From the point of view, it can be seen that the back of the new criticism implies that A hypothesis is that the language has transparency, and it can convey any experience with accuracy. Chapter 5 examines the ideological nature of the new critical irony. The new critic's pursuit of mythical state, the conservative thought of the new critic, and the other.
【学位授予单位】：北京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I06

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