汉语存在句的特点及其对外汉语教学研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 17:27

本文关键词：汉语存在句的特点及其对外汉语教学研究　出处：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：存在句是用来表示万事万物存在方式的语言形式。作为存现句的一种下位句式,存在句是汉语中特殊的一类句子,在结构、语义和表达功能以及动词的使用等方面都有其特殊性。在汉语存在句的本体研究上,不管是宏观还是微观,抑或是历时或是共时方面的讨论和研究都异常地热烈而广泛。汉语存在句一直都是对外汉语教学的重点。本文首先从句法结构和语义特点、语用特点、认知特点方面对汉语存在句得基本特点进行具体考察和研究。随后以此为基础对外国留学生习得汉语存在句的偏误进行分析,所用语料主要来源于美国俄亥俄州立大学——美国国务院关键语言奖学金项目(Critical Language Scholarship Program)苏州分校的30多名来华全美高校大学生的作文素材和HSK动态作文语料库。在对这些语料进行梳理、归类、统计和深入分析后,发现外国留学生在运用汉语存在句表达存在范畴时,由于母语负迁移、目的语规则过度泛化、目的语程度的限制、语言内部因素的制约、教材及教师因素等方面的影响,产生了一些诸如汉语存在句结构残缺、冗余、误用、语序失当以及语用等方面的偏误,这些都成为留学生学习汉语存在句过程中的难点。基于以上重点和难点,在考察了一些相关汉语教材并结合自身的对外汉语教学经历的基础上,我们分别从教学策略、教材编排、课堂教学等几方面提出了一些针对性和合理化教学建议,以期能够更好地促进汉语存在句的教材编写和课堂教学效果,最终帮助外国留学生更有效地理解和掌握存在句这一特殊的汉语句式。
[Abstract]:Existential sentence is a language form used to express the existence of everything. As a kind of subordinate sentence of existential sentence, existential sentence is a special kind of sentence in Chinese, which is in the structure. The semantic and expressive functions as well as the use of verbs have their particularities. In the study of the ontology of Chinese existential sentences, whether macro or micro. Either diachronic or synchronic discussions and studies are unusually enthusiastic and extensive. Chinese existential sentences have always been the focus of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. First of all, this paper focuses on the syntactic structure and semantic characteristics, pragmatic characteristics. The cognitive characteristics of the basic characteristics of Chinese existential sentences are investigated and studied, and then the foreign students' errors in the acquisition of Chinese existential sentences are analyzed. The corpus used is mainly from Ohio State University, the State Department's key language Scholarship Program (. Critical Language Scholarship Program. The composition material and HSK dynamic composition corpus of more than 30 American college students from Suzhou Branch are combing these data. Classification, statistics and in-depth analysis, it is found that foreign students in the use of Chinese existential sentence to express the category of existence, due to the negative transfer of mother tongue, the target language rules overgeneralization, the degree of the target language constraints. The restriction of language internal factors, the influence of teaching materials and teachers' factors have resulted in some errors such as the incomplete structure of sentence, redundancy, misuse, improper word order and pragmatics in Chinese. These have become the difficulties in the process of learning Chinese existing sentences. Based on the above emphasis and difficulties, this paper reviews some relevant Chinese teaching materials and combines their own teaching experience of Chinese as a foreign language. From the teaching strategies, textbook arrangement, classroom teaching and other aspects, we put forward some targeted and rational teaching suggestions, in order to better promote the compilation of Chinese existential sentence teaching materials and classroom teaching results. Finally, it helps foreign students to understand and master the existential sentence more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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