《官话指南》词汇研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 00:51

本文关键词： 《官话指南》词汇 HSK 文化　出处：《四川外国语大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《官话指南》是日本明治时代的一本北京话教材，具有很强的实用性和口语性，六角恒广这样评价到：“至明治15年（1882）以来，到昭和20年（1945）‘支那语’时代结束，该书成了日本人学习中国语不可缺少的必读书，是‘支那语’的经典教科书”①。本文主要从词汇角度研究《官话指南》，共分五个章节：第一章，简要介绍《官话指南》及其研究概况；第二章，考查HSK初级词汇在《官话指南》中的使用情况；第三章，考查HSK中高级词汇在《官话指南》中的使用情况；第四章，研究《官话指南》的特色用词，如商务、官场用词；第五章，总结《官话指南》词汇到HSK词汇的流变、《官话指南》特色用词体现出的文化因素、研究中的不足等。通过对HSK词汇和《官话指南》用词的对比，可看出作为现代汉语基本词汇的HSK一到三级词汇的稳固性，它们基本在清朝后期就已广泛使用，代表新事物的词进入基本词汇层的数量非常少；作为现代汉语一般词汇的HSK四到六级词，其在《官话指南》中的使用率和重现率都远低于前三级词汇，其中出现了较多代表新事物的词，作为汉语词汇表层和中间层的一般词汇层具有包容性和渐变性的特点。此外，就《官话指南》本身的用词来说，其商业和官场用语十分发达，从中可见清朝后期商业活动的繁荣，，以及中华民族礼文化的特色和官本位的思想。
[Abstract]:The guidebook of mandarin is a textbook of Beijing dialect in Meiji era of Japan, which has strong practicability and colloquial character. Heng Heng Kwong has evaluated it in this way: "from 1882 to Meiji 15 years ago." By the end of the 1945'** 'era of Zhaohe 20 years ago, the book has become an indispensable textbook for Japanese learning Chinese and a classic textbook for **. This paper mainly studies the Guanyu Guide from the lexical point of view, which is divided into five chapters: the first chapter, a brief introduction to the Guanyu Guide and its research overview; The second chapter examines the use of HSK primary vocabulary in the Guide to Mandarin; The third chapter examines the use of HSK advanced vocabulary in the Guide to Mandarin; Chapter 4th, the study of "Guanyu Guide" features of the words, such as business, official words; In chapter 5th, the author summarizes the evolution of the vocabulary from Mandarin to HSK, the cultural factors embodied in the characteristic words, and the deficiencies in the study. By comparing the words of HSK and the Guild of Mandarin, we can see that as the basic vocabulary of modern Chinese, HSK has been widely used in the late Qing Dynasty. The number of words representing new things entering the basic lexical level is very small; As a general vocabulary of modern Chinese, the usage rate and reproduction rate of HSK four to six words are much lower than those of the first three levels, and there are many words representing new things. As the surface and middle level of Chinese vocabulary, the general lexical layer has the characteristics of inclusiveness and gradual change. In addition, the commercial and official terms are very developed in terms of the words of the Guild. From this we can see the prosperity of commercial activities in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the characteristics of Chinese propriety culture and the thought of officialdom.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H131;H195

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