保安族汉语方言格范畴研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 05:15

本文关键词： 保安语汉语方言格范畴语言接触濒危语言　出处：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保安族是我国的少数民族之一,现有人口1.6万左右,其中90%以上的人口聚居在甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县境内,并且以大河家镇的“保安三庄”(大墩、梅坡、甘河滩)最为密集。保安语是保安族的民族语言,但是近年来,由于汉语的强势影响,保安人逐渐转用汉语,保安语走向濒危。在大河家镇,汉族与各少数民族杂居,交往密切。当地的汉语方言与保安语、东乡语、撒拉语等阿尔泰语系语言存在广泛的语言接触现象。保安族所转用的汉语方言中具有独特的用以表示格范畴的格标记。本论文首先对格范畴进行了静态描写,根据调查,保安族转用的汉语方言共有5种格,每类格有各自的格标记,并且在格标记的使用上代际之间存在差异,同时,当地汉语方言格范畴中出现了受汉语普通话影响的混合表达。然后,本论文对这些格标记出现的原因进行了探讨。按照狭义格范畴的概念,汉语中是没有格范畴和格标记的。保安族转用的汉语方言中的格标记不是汉语自源的,而是在与当地少数民族所操的诸阿尔泰语系语言的接触过程中产生的。这从外部社会历史条件和语言自身内部都能得到验证。就语言本体而言,本论文具体对比分析了甘青民族地区临夏话、唐汪话、西宁话、循化话和与之相关的少数民族语言保安语、东乡语、土族语、撒拉语、西部裕固语的格标记,从而在源头上寻找甘青民族地区汉语方言中格标记产生的原因。格标记产生的途径可能是汉语向阿尔泰语系语言的借贷,也可能是操阿尔泰语系语言的少数民族放弃母语,转用汉语时的底层残留,或者两种方式兼而有之。无论通过哪种方式,格标记进入汉语都必须适应汉语自身的语音、词汇、语法系统,所以,这些格标记经历了一个本土化的改造过程。本论文还通过调查问卷、访谈等方法获得了保安族汉语转用的具体情况,对保安语的濒危现状、濒危原因进行了分析,并提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:Security is one of the ethnic minorities in our country, the existing population is about 16,000, of which more than 90% people live in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, Jishi Shan Security Dongxiang Sala Autonomous County. And in Dahejia Town "three Security Zhuang" (Dadun, Meipo, Ganhetan) is the most intensive. Security language is the national language of the security people, but in recent years, due to the strong influence of Chinese, security people gradually switch to Chinese. The language of security is on the verge of extinction. In Dahejia Town, the Han nationality and the various ethnic minorities live together and have close contact. The local Chinese dialect and Baoan language, Dongxiang language. Salar and other Altaic languages have extensive language contact phenomenon. The Chinese dialects converted by the security people have unique case marks to represent the case category. Firstly, this paper describes the case category statically. According to the survey, there are five types of Chinese dialects converted by the Gongan nationality, each case has its own case markers, and there are differences in the use of the case markers between generations, at the same time. Mixed expressions influenced by Chinese Putonghua appear in the category of local Chinese dialect case. Then, this paper discusses the reasons for the appearance of these case markers, according to the concept of narrow case category. There are no case categories and case markers in Chinese. The case markers in the converted Chinese dialects are not of Chinese origin. But in the process of contact with Altaic languages spoken by local minorities, which can be verified from the external social and historical conditions and the language itself. As far as language ontology is concerned. This paper specifically analyzes Linxia dialect, Tangwang dialect, Xining dialect, Xunhua dialect and the related minority language Baoyu, Dongxiang language, Turkish language, Salar language, western Yugu language. In order to find the source of the reasons for the occurrence of case markers in Chinese dialects in Gansu and Qinghai ethnic areas. The way to produce case markers may be the borrowing of Chinese from Altaic languages. It may also be that ethnic minorities who speak Altaic languages give up their mother tongue and switch to the bottom of the Chinese language, or both. Either way. Case markers entering Chinese must adapt to the phonetic, lexical and grammatical systems of Chinese itself. Therefore, these markers have undergone a process of localization. The paper also obtains the specific situation of the conversion of the Chinese language of the security nationality through questionnaire and interviews, analyzes the endangered status quo and the causes of the endangered language, and puts forward some suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H17;H234

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