山东运河流域方言语法研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 00:25

本文关键词： 山东运河流域方言语法对比描写　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以山东境内运河流域方言语法现象为研究对象,在大量实地调查材料的基础上,借鉴目前普通话和其他汉语方言语法研究的成果,对运河流域方言中重要的语法现象进行细致描写和分析。重点考察了运河流域方言语法与普通话或山东其它地区方言语法的不同,以突出运河流域方言语法现象的独特性。全文共分为五个部分：第一章“绪论”。主要介绍运河流域人文地理、方言归属和方言概貌,并说明运河流域方言语法研究的现状和意义。第二章“构词法”。这一章重点描写运河流域方言的名词、动词和形容词词缀,并总结、归纳出它们的结构、功能和意义特点。“二”是运河流域方言中普遍使用的名词前缀,本文在分类比较了各类“二”缀词的意义的基础上,整理出“二”的虚化过程,并进一步对“二”缀词的分布和使用状况做了归纳、总结。“圪”是运河流域方言中常见的名词前缀,本文在详细描写运河流域前缀“圪”的基础上,对比晋语中“圪”的运用现状,得出了“圪”缀词在运河流域方言中得以保留的两点原因。动词后缀“悠”产生的时间较晚,但在运河流域发展程度很高,动词后缀“哒”也是运河流域构词能力很强的词缀,它们附加于动词性词根语素之后,具有增减动作时量、动量的作用。在形容词词缀一节,主要描写了运河流域的后缀“巴”“乎”,通过细致的语义分析,总结出了二者的功能和意义。第三章“虚词”。这一章主要介绍运河流域方言中几种有特色的虚词,包括程度副词、“从”类介词和助词“呵”。本文分析描写了它们的用法特点,探讨现阶段的方言中这三类词的发展程度。运河流域的程度副词数量多且使用繁复,同中有异,异中有同。“精”是一个常见的方言副词,多分布在运河东岸,用来修饰表示量小的单音节形容词,还可以用来修饰单音节形容词的重叠形式,使得所描述的情景历历如绘。“挺”是山东方言中常见的程度副词,运河流域“挺”的用法较明清时期出现了三种不同的发展,运河北部地区“挺”的使用范围扩大,而在中南部地区,“挺”的用法出现了萎缩,渐渐被相关的近义词取代。“从”类介词是运河流域一类意义相近的表示时间、地点、方位的介词,“从”的用法最为特殊,兼有动词和介词双重用法。运河流域既有“逮、该”等与普通话的“在”的部分用法相近的介词,也有“起、打”等地方特色突出的介词。“呵”是运河流域独有的助词,源于元代的蒙语,在现代的发展中,抽象用法出现了萎缩,本文在详细分类的基础上对这一现象做出了描写。第四章“句式”。在这一章中重点描写运河流域方言中的比较句,处置句和被动句,并对各类句式的结构特点、语义特征和语用功能进行分析。运河流域比较句的比较标记特点突出,虚化程度也各不相同,通过对肯定与否定的考察,得出某些标记曾经使用,只是在现代方言中消失或者有条件的存在于固定的句子中。运河流域的处置句和被动句中的标记具有较强的地域性,像“连、叫”等标记由于受虚化程度的限制,出现了使用时的歧义,文章对这一现象进行了细致描述,并给出了自己的看法。第五章“结语”。这一章归纳总结了山东运河流域方言语法的特点。
[Abstract]:Based on a large number of field investigation materials , this paper tries to describe and analyze the important grammatical phenomenon in the dialect of the canal basin based on the study of the grammatical phenomenon of the canal basin in Shandong Province . The paper mainly studies the differences between the dialect grammar of the canal basin and the dialect grammar in other regions of Shandong Province , so as to highlight the uniqueness of the dialect grammar phenomenon of the canal basin . The full text is divided into five parts : Chapter 1 , Introduction , mainly introduces the humanistic geography , dialect attribution and dialect overview of the canal basin , and illustrates the present situation and significance of the study of the dialect grammar in the canal basin . In the second chapter , this chapter focuses on the noun , verb and adjective affix of the canal basin dialect , summarizes and sums up its structure , function and meaning . In the third chapter , the author mainly introduces several kinds of characteristic words in the dialect of canal basin , including the degree of auxiliary words , " from " type prepositional words and auxiliary words " he " . This paper analyses the characteristics of the usage of these three kinds of words in the dialect of the canal . It also can be used to modify the overlapping forms of monosyllable adjectives . From the usage of " the most special , there are double usages of verbs and prepositional words . The canal basin has both the " catch , the " and other local features that are close to the use of Putonghua , and also have the prominent positions of " beginning , beating " and so on . " Ah " is the unique auxiliary word of the canal basin , which is originated from the Mongolian language of Yuan Dynasty . In the modern development , the abstract usage has shrunk , and this article makes a description on this phenomenon on the basis of detailed classification . In this chapter , the author focuses on the comparative sentence , disposition sentence and passive sentence in the canal basin dialect , and analyzes the structural features , semantic features and pragmatic functions of various sentences . The fifth chapter summarizes the characteristics of the dialect grammar of the canal basin in Shandong Province .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.1

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