《字汇》与《正字通》反切声母比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 01:35

本文关键词： 《字汇》《正字通》声母系统比较　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《字汇》与《正字通》是明代两部重要字书,后来成为清代编纂《康熙字典》所用的底本,其文字学价值毋庸置疑,而两书中所注音切也能反映出其在音韵学上的成就。成书于明万历四十三年(公元1615年)的梅膺祚的《字汇》一度成为当时最为流行的字书,它简并《说文》540部首为214部,是明代字书革新之作。而作为正《字汇》之误、补《字汇》之缺的《正字通》,其原稿为明代张自烈所著《字汇辩》,在康熙初年由清人廖文英刊刻于世,并更名为《正字通》。本文从《字汇》与《正字通》反切材料入手,全面搜罗二书反切材料,统计出《字汇》的反切数目为26318个,《正字通》的反切数目为13243个。以《广韵》40声母为参照,分别整理出《字汇》和《正字通》反切上字的声母系统,找出《字汇》和《正字通》声母系统的特点。《字汇》和《正字通》声母系统的相同点是：船母、禅母、生母、书母混用；泥娘两母混用；定母、透母相混；精母、从母相混；群母、溪母相混。在定透两母相混现象中,《字汇》多以定母切透母,《正字通》多以透母切定母；精从两母相混现象中,《字汇》多以精母切从母,《正字通》多以从母切精母；在群溪两母相混现象中,《字汇》多以溪母切群母,《正字通》多以群母切溪母。《字汇》和《正字通》声母系统的不同点是：1.《字汇》的音韵特征为：滂母、帮母、N&母、非母、敷母相混；微母、明母相混；照母、澄母、穿母相混；清母、精母、初母相混；昌母、崇母相混；见母、群母相混；疑母、日母相混。2.《正字通》的音韵特征为：敷母、奉母相混；清母、从母相混；知母、精母相混；晓母、厘母相混；影母、喻母、晓母相混。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary and Zheng Zi Tong are two important calligraphy books in Ming Dynasty, which were later used in the compilation of Kangxi Dictionary in Qing Dynasty, and their philological value is beyond doubt. The phonetics in the two books can also reflect its achievements in phonology. The book Yu Ming, 43 years (1615) of Mei Fu Zuo's words was once the most popular character book at that time. It is simplified, "Shuo Wen" 540 parts for 214, is the Ming Dynasty character book innovation, and as a positive "vocabulary" error, to fill the lack of "words", its original version of the Ming Dynasty Zhang Zilie's "words debate". In the early years of Kangxi by the Qing Dynasty Liao Wenying engraved in the world, and renamed as "Zheng Zi Tong". This paper starts with the reverse tangent materials of "vocabulary" and "right character link", and comprehensively searches the reverse tangent materials of two books, and statistics the number of reverse tangents of "vocabulary" is 26318. The number of inverse tangents was 13243. According to the consonant of "Guangyun > 40", the consonant systems of "vocabulary" and "converse" were sorted out respectively. Find out the characteristics of the initials system. The common points of the consonant system are: boat mother, Zen mother, birth mother, mother of calligraphy; Mixed use of mud mother and mother; Definite mother, permeate mother to mix; The mother is mixed from the mother; Group mother, brook mother phase mixing. In the phenomenon of fixed penetration of two mothers, "vocabulary" is more than "fixed mother" cut through mother, "positive character" is more than "through mother" to determine mother; In the phenomenon of spermatoglyphic mixing between the two mothers, most of them were cut from the mother by the mother, and the mother from the mother was cut by the master. In the phenomenon of mixing the two mothers of Quxi, the "vocabulary" is more than the "group mother", and the "positive character" > "group mother" is more than the "group mother". The difference between the consonant system is: 1. The phonological features of "Pang", "help mother", "non-mother" and "application mother" are mixed; The micromother is mixed with the bright mother; The mother, the mother, wear the mother to mix; Qing mother, pure mother, primary mother mixed with each other; Changmu, worship mother mixed; See mother, group mother mixed; The phonological features of "Zheng Zi Tong" are as follows: applying mother, mixing mother with mother; The mother is mixed from the mother; Anemarrhena chinensis mixed with essence mother; Xiaomu, Limu mixed; Shadow mother, Yu mother, Xiao mother mixed with each other.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H114

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