焦点重音韵律编码的方言对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 17:25

本文关键词： 焦点重音韵律编码方言　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近二十年来,语言韵律结构研究是语音学、语言学和心理学的交叉学科课题,也是实验语音学研究的前沿课题。本文从有无轻重区分对焦点实现方式的影响角度入手,研究四个汉语方言焦点重音韵律编码方式。首先研究了官话(南京方言和徐州方言)和吴语(苏州方言和常州方言)单音节焦点重音的韵律编码方式。运用问答匹配范式,要求被试两人一组自然对话两种不同焦点方式(窄焦点和宽焦点)的句子。通过系统的声学分析和统计测量,得出的结果表明：吴语区,在常州方言里,焦点重音的韵律编码方式表现为焦点音节本身音高显著降低、时长显著延长,焦点后出现音高骤降(post-focus FO compression, PFC)、时长显著延长；在苏州方言里,焦点重音的韵律编码方式表现为焦点音节本身音高显著升高、时长延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)。官话区：在南京方言里,焦点音节音高无显著变化、调域显著扩大、时长显著延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)、时长显著延长；在徐州方言里,焦点音节音高和调域无显著变化、时长显著延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)、时长显著延长。在四个方言里单音节焦点都出现了焦点后音高骤降(PFC)现象,为了验证单音节焦点重音的韵律编码方式,本文还研究了四种方言双音节焦点重音的韵律编码方式,分为宽焦点、句首焦点和句中焦点三种条件,通过使用和单音节类似的统计分析方法得出结果：在句首焦点条件下,常州方言焦点音节调域显著扩大、时长延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)；苏州方言焦点音节调域显著扩大、时长延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)；南京方言焦点音节调域显著扩大、时长延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)；徐州方言焦点音节调域显著扩大、时长延长,焦点后音节音高显著降低(PFC)。在句中焦点条件下,四个方言点的韵律编码方式与句首焦点基本一致,也都出现了焦点后音高骡降现象。最终得出结论：有无轻重音区分对方言焦点重音韵律编码方式的影响并不显著,四个方言点在不同焦点条件下都有显著的焦点后音高骤降(PFC)现象。此外,和北京话属于同一汉藏语系的吴语和官话都有“焦点后音高骤降”,因此,本文的结论符合Xu等提出的“焦点后音高骤降”同一来源的说法。
[Abstract]:In the past twenty years, the study of language prosodic structure has been an interdisciplinary subject in phonetics, linguistics and psychology. It is also an advanced topic in the field of experimental phonetics. This paper starts with the influence of whether or not there is a light or light distinction on the mode of realization of the focus. This paper studies four Chinese dialect focus accent prosody coding methods. First, it studies the Mandarin dialect (Nanjing dialect and Xuzhou dialect) and Wu dialect (Suzhou dialect and Changzhou dialect). Prosodic coding method of monosyllabic focus stress. Question and answer matching paradigm is used. The subjects were asked to speak naturally in groups of two different focal points (narrow focus and wide focus). The results of acoustic analysis and statistical measurement showed that: Wu dialect, in Changzhou dialect. The prosody coding of focus stress shows that the pitch of the focus syllable itself is significantly decreased, the duration of the focus is significantly prolonged, and a sharp drop in the pitch of the focus is followed by post-focus FO compression. The duration of PFC was significantly prolonged. In Suzhou dialect, the prosodic coding of focus stress shows that the pitch of focus syllable itself is significantly increased, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is significantly reduced. Official dialect: in Nanjing dialect. There was no significant change in the pitch of the focus syllable. The pitch of the focus syllable was significantly increased and the duration was significantly prolonged. The pitch of the post-focus syllable was significantly decreased and the duration was significantly prolonged. In Xuzhou dialect, the focus syllable pitch and tone domain have no significant change, the duration is significantly prolonged, and the post-focus syllable pitch is significantly reduced. In order to verify the prosodic coding method of monosyllabic focus stress, the phenomenon of post-focal pitch plummeting has appeared in all the four dialects in order to verify the prosodic coding of monosyllabic focal stress. This paper also studies the prosodic coding methods of dicyllabic focus stress in four dialects, which can be divided into three conditions: wide focus, first focus and focus in sentence. By using the statistical analysis method similar to monosyllabic, the results are as follows: under the condition of the first focus of sentence, the range of focus syllable in Changzhou dialect is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focus syllable is reduced significantly. The focus syllable range of Suzhou dialect is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is reduced significantly. In Nanjing dialect, the focus syllable range is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is reduced significantly. In Xuzhou dialect, the focus syllable range is significantly expanded, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of the post-focus syllable is significantly reduced. Under the condition of the focus in the sentence, the prosodic coding mode of the four dialect points is basically the same as the first focus of the sentence. Finally, it is concluded that there is no significant effect on the accent coding mode of dialect focus accent with or without the distinction of light and heavy tones. In addition, Wu dialect and Mandarin dialect, which belong to the same Chinese and Tibetan languages, all have the phenomenon of "sharp drop in the pitch after focus" under different focal points. The conclusion of this paper is in line with Xu et al.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H17

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