中美政府官员在新闻记者会上闪避回答的对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 22:20

本文关键词： 闪避言语行为闪避策略缓和手段政府官员礼貌　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：闪避言语行为在日常人际交往中经常出现，且闪避问题有可能威胁对方的面子甚至导致双方发生冲突。国家政府官员在新闻记者会上会遇到刁钻或敏感的提问，如何运用闪避策略来躲避问题便显得更为重要，因为如何回答关系到政府立场和国家利益。本论文以Bull和Mayer (2003)的闪避言语行为的语用分类以及Faerch和Kasper (1989)的实施言语行为的缓和模型为理论基础，对语料中闪避言语行为进行鉴别、分类及标记，然后对其进行定性及定量的对比分析。目的是探究中美政府官员在新闻记者会上所使用的闪避策略及其语用缓和手段的异同及背后的因由。语料是2007年至2012年中美各60场政府官员的新闻记者会。研究表明：一、中国政府官员往往使用暗含闪避策略，美国政府官员则倾向于使用直接闪避策略，，总体说来主要的闪避策略双方均有使用，但美国官员的运用更为灵活多样。二、在缓和闪避回答的手段上，美国官员往往不使用任何形式的缓和手段，中国官员则最常兼并使用内部及外部两种形式来缓和闪避回答。至于通过内部语言形式来实现缓和，双方在使用句法及词语上的比例十分相近。句法形式上，双方使用最多的是平行结构；词语或词组形式上，中国官员最常是以重复之前说过的词来掩盖，美国官员则最多使用模糊限制语。至于通过外部语言形式来实现缓和，中方最常是给出将要闪避的提示及说明闪避的原因，而美国官员只给出将要闪避的提示。最后，本文就分析结果从交际哲学及面子的角度分析了双方在闪避策略及其语言实现形式使用上的异同。中国文化中“仁”和“礼”的哲学思想和对正面子的关注说明了中国官员为何倾向于使用暗含的闪避策略以及兼并使用两种缓和手段；美国文化中自由与权利的思想和对负面子的关注解释了美国政府官员为何往往使用相对直接的闪避策略以及不使用任何手段来缓和闪避行为。本文结论拓展了跨文化研究对中美闪避言语行为的对比研究，对外语学习和教学及跨文化对比研究有一定的启示。
[Abstract]:Avoidance speech acts often occur in daily interpersonal communication, and avoidance problems may threaten the face of the other party and even lead to conflict between the two sides. Government officials will encounter tricky or sensitive questions at news conferences. How to use avoidance strategies to avoid questions is even more important, as it concerns the government's position and national interests. This thesis is based on the pragmatic classification of evasive speech acts by Bull and Mayer / 2003 and Faerch and Kasper / 1989). The mitigation model of speech act is the theoretical basis. The speech acts of avoidance in the corpus are identified, classified and marked. The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences between the evasive strategies used by Chinese and American government officials at press conferences and their pragmatic mitigation measures and the reasons behind them. The corpus is from 2007 to. On middle of 2012, the United States 60 government officials press conference. The results show that: first, Chinese government officials tend to use implicit avoidance strategies, while American government officials tend to use direct avoidance strategies. In general, the main avoidance strategies are used by both sides. However, the use of American officials is more flexible and diverse. Second, American officials often do not use any form of detente in the means of detente to avoid answering. Chinese officials most often use internal and external forms to ease evasive responses. As for internal language forms to achieve relaxation, both sides in the use of syntax and words in the proportion of very similar. Syntactic form. Parallel structures are mostly used by both sides; In the form of words or phrases, Chinese officials are most often covered up by repeating the words they have said before, while American officials most often use hedges. As for mitigation through external language forms. The Chinese most often give hints about what they are going to dodge and explain why, while U.S. officials only give hints about what they are going to dodge. Finally. From the perspective of communicative philosophy and face, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two sides in the use of evasive strategies and language realization forms. "benevolence" and "Rites" in Chinese Culture. It explains why Chinese officials tend to use implicit evasive tactics and merger and use two kinds of detente means. The idea of freedom and rights in American culture and the concern for negative children explain why American government officials often use relatively direct avoidance strategies and do not use any means to ease evasive behavior. A Comparative study of Chinese and American avoidance speech acts in Cultural Studies. It has some implications for foreign language learning and teaching and cross-cultural contrastive research.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

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