现代汉语被动构式的衍生机制以及语用功能

发布时间：2018-01-29 06:18

本文关键词： 汉语被动构式典型句式结构衍生机制语用功能　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语被动构式因其数量繁多、形式迥异一直受到语言学家的广泛关注。“被”构式,作为传统的汉语被动表达方式,也同样备受关注。随着社会的发展,时代的推移,“被”构式的结构和语义都发生了一些变化。尽管衍生的汉语被动句偏离了汉语被动句的原型语义结构,但是仍然不能完全脱离原型语义结构的压制,因此本文尝试结合具体实例对现代汉语被动构式进行深入分析,旨在揭示其衍生基础、衍生规律以及语用功能。现代汉语“被”构式的衍生基础为其典型句式结构一“名词短语2+被(+名词短语1)+(及物)动词”,以及其基本语义—“受事论元遭受影响”。在句法层面上,新型汉语被动句式以其典型句式结构为基础进行了衍生：主语并不仅限定为直接受事论元,可以为直接受事的领有者、处所或者时间等其他论元角色；谓语并不只限定为及物动词,可以为动宾结构、不及物动词、形容词、名词等其他谓语结构；施事论元的显现与否在不同句式中也有所不同。在语义层面上,汉语“被”构式以其典型构式义“影响-受影响”为基础进行了衍生：遭受影响的受事主语以转喻的方式拓展为其他论元角色,实施影响的及物动词谓语则以隐喻的方式拓展为其他谓语结构。新型汉语“被”构式在句法和语义层面的扩展必然伴随着语用意义的扩展：继续突显对负影响的表达,更加突出对非自愿意义以及虚假意义的表述,同时彰显说话人的情感态度。构式是形式与意义的配对,那么每个句法形式则表示某种独立的意义,而且不同的句法格式有不同的句式意义。因此,对形式迥异的现代汉语被动构式进行分析和研究可以使得汉语学习者能够更深入透彻地了解种类繁多的汉语被动句结构及其语用功能,同时也为其他相关研究提供一个新的思考。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese passive construction has been widely concerned by linguists because of its large number and different forms. As a traditional passive expression of Chinese, it is also concerned. With the development of society. Some changes have taken place in the structure and semantics of the "Bei" construction, although the derived Chinese passive sentence deviates from the prototype semantic structure of the Chinese passive sentence. However, we still can not get rid of the suppression of prototype semantic structure, so this paper attempts to analyze the passive construction of modern Chinese with concrete examples, in order to reveal its derived basis, derived laws and pragmatic functions. The derivation of the construction of "Bei" in modern Chinese is based on its typical sentence structure-"noun phrase 2" (noun phrase 1) (transitive) verb. At the syntactic level, the new Chinese passive sentence structure is derived from its typical sentence structure: the subject is not limited to the direct subject argument. May be the direct recipient, place or other argument role such as time; The predicate is not only a transitive verb, but also a verb-object structure, an intransitive verb, an adjective, a noun and other predicate structures. The representation of agent argument is different in different sentence patterns. Chinese "be" construction is derived from its typical construction meaning "influenced-affected": affected subject is extended to other argument roles by metonymy. The transitive verb predicates of implementation influence extend to other predicate structures in a metaphorical way. The expansion of the "be" construction of the new Chinese language at the syntactic and semantic levels is bound to be accompanied by the expansion of pragmatic meaning. Continue to highlight the expression of negative effects. The expression of involuntary meaning and false meaning is more prominent, and the emotional attitude of the speaker is also highlighted. Construction is the pairing of form and meaning, so each syntactic form represents a certain independent meaning, and different syntactic forms have different syntactic meanings. The analysis and research on the different forms of passive constructions in modern Chinese can enable Chinese learners to understand more deeply the various passive sentence structures and their pragmatic functions. At the same time, it also provides a new thinking for other related research.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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