文言中名词作状语的历时考察

发布时间：2018-01-30 02:27

本文关键词： 文言名词状语历史考察检验　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文运用分类分段统计法、比较分析法、定性与定量分析法对文言中名词作状语的历时表现分上古、中古和近古三个阶段进行了较为系统的考察,并对文言中名词作状语的功能归属进行重新检验与评估。全文包括四个部分：第一部分,引言。综述文言中名词作状语的研究现状,指出已有相关研究涉及的内容及存在的问题,阐述本文的研究目的和研究思路,说明本文所运用的研究方法,明确本文所用语料是上古、中古和近古文言作品中七部具有代表性的文言典籍,具体为《春秋左传》、《史记》、《论衡》、《南齐书》、《北齐书》、《新五代史》、《聊斋志异》。第二部分,调查名词作状语的历时表现。本文调查所用词位一共36个,它们是从重新构建的名词系统中按照名词的语法分类、功能分类和作状语次数三个维度以及设定的比例加以选择的。该名词系统包括时间名词、方位名词、处所名词、有生名词、无生名词和抽象名词六大类。第三部分,文言中名词作状语的历时考察。本文以名词诸次类作状语频率高低为序,依次分析时间名词、方位名词、处所名词、有生名词、无生名词和抽象名词；再以具体词位作状语频率高低为序,逐词分析36个具体词位在上古、中古和近古文言语料中的句法功能状况。本文在历时考察过程中以表格的形式统计具体词位句法功能的历时变化情况。第四部分,结论。对本文的主要内容及观点进行总结。经具体调查分析,得出以下结论：第一,在文言中,名词作状语是本用是基本可靠的说法。名词作状语的总体表现是：名词在上古、中古和近古文言中作状语的出现频率分别为12.9%、16.6%和12.2%,可见名词作状语的出现频率没有太大变化,名词能长期、稳定地用作状语；名词在上古、中古和近古文言中作主语的出现频率分别为21.7%、20.2%和21.4%,作宾语的出现频率分别为52.0%、47.8%和49.4%,可见,文言中名词作状语的出现频率低于作主语和宾语的出现频率,名词作状语的能力弱于作主语和宾语的能力。第二,文言中名词诸次类作状语具有不平衡性,具体来说：时间名词作状语的出现频率为50.2%,方位名词作状语的出现频率为43.0%,两者作状语的出现频率远远高于其作主语和宾语的出现频率；处所名词作状语的出现频率为11.0%,有生名词作状语的出现频率为13.8%,两者作状语的出现频率均低于其作主语和宾语的出现频率；无生名词作状语的出现频率为5.3%,抽象名词作状语的出现频率为1.9%,两者均低于其作主语和宾语的出现频率。第三,文言中名状结构词汇化的总倾向是：名词状语的概念意义与中心语联系越紧密,越与中心语的内在性质有关,在句法结构的线性顺序上就越靠近中心语,也越易与中心语发生词汇化。第四,在文言中名词作状语的能力与名词功能的稳定性与独立性有关。独立性差的名词很少或不能用作状语,功能不稳定的名词很少或不能用作状语。本文将名词作状语这一语法现象放置在整个文言中进行历时分析,这在过去的专书和专题研究中从未有人做过。本文的研究价值正是体现在通过详细的数据调查确认了文言中名词作状语为本用是基本可靠的说法,并将文言中名词作状语的总体表现、诸次类的差异性表现以及名词句法功能的分布具体呈现出来,进一步细化了现有研究成果。
[Abstract]:This paper uses piecewise classification statistics, comparative analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis method of classical Chinese adverbial nouns in the diachronic features of ancient times, systematically study the medieval and ancient three stages, and the classical Chinese noun as adverbial function belonging to the inspection and evaluation. This paper consists of four parts:
The first part, introduction. Research status review for classical Chinese adverbial nouns, pointed out the existing research contents and existing problems, analyzes the research purpose and research ideas, research methods used in this paper, the data is clear in the ancient, ancient and ancient classical works in seven representative the classical Chinese classics, specifically for the spring and Autumn Period < >, < < Lunheng > > records, < < >, book of Nan Qi, book >, < < > the new history of the Five Dynasties, Strange Tales from Liaozhai.
The second part, the diachronic survey NOUN adverbials. This investigation used a total of 36 words, they are from the noun system re constructed in accordance with the grammatical classification of nouns, three dimensions of functional classification and adverbial number and the setting of the ratio to be selected. The system includes time noun noun, noun. Place nouns, animate and inanimate and abstract nouns in six categories.
The third part, the diachronic study in classical Chinese noun adverbials. The noun adverbial class from time frequency order, followed by the analysis of time noun, noun noun, place, animate, inanimate and abstract nouns; then specific word adverbials of frequency for sequence analysis of 36 specific words in the word, syntactic function in Medieval and ancient Chinese corpus. The situation based on the diachronic study of diachronic change process in the form of statistical tables for specific word syntactic function.
The fourth part, conclusion. Summarize the main contents and views of this article. Through specific investigation and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
First, in classical Chinese, is the use of noun adverbial is basically reliable argument. Nouns as adverbial is the overall performance of nouns in ancient times, the adverbial frequencies were 12.9% for Medieval and ancient classical Chinese, 16.6% and 12.2%, visible noun adverbials frequency did not change much, long term stable, adverbial nouns; in ancient times, the subject frequencies were 21.7% for Medieval and ancient classical Chinese, 20.2% and 21.4%, as the object of the frequency were 52%, 47.8% and 49.4%, visible, appear in classical Chinese nouns as adverbials of frequency rate is lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object, the ability of a noun adverbial is weak to the subject and object.
Second, in some kind of classical Chinese noun adverbial is not balanced, specifically: time noun adverbial appears 50.2% noun adverbials, range frequency was 43%, both adverbials frequency is much higher than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object; locative noun adverbials frequency was 11%, a noun adverbials frequency was 13.8%, both adverbials frequency was lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object; no noun adverbial appears 5.3% abstract nouns as adverbials, the frequency of 1.9%, both lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object.
Third, the total tendency was the classical Chinese vocabulary structure is: the concept of noun adverbial meaning and language more closely linked, and more related to language, in a linear order of syntactic structure is more close to the center of language, syntax is also more easily with center language.
Fourth, the ability of noun as adverbial in classical Chinese is related to the stability and independence of nouns. Independent nouns are seldom or cannot be used as adverbial modifier.
The noun adverbials of this grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese are placed throughout the diachronic analysis, which in the past the books and thematic studies have never been done. The value of this research is reflected in the survey data with the confirmation of classical Chinese in the use of noun adverbial is basically reliable argument, and in the overall performance of the classical Chinese noun as adverbial, the time difference of distribution and syntactic functions of the noun specific show, further refinement of the existing research results.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

【参考文献】