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《国语辞典》和《现代汉语词典》词缀比较研究

发布时间:2018-01-31 12:06

  本文关键词: 词缀 词缀化倾向 构词能力 比较 出处:《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:汉语属于语言类型学中的孤立语,没有严格意义上的形态变化,其主要的语法手段是语序和虚词。词缀是针对英语这样的屈折语而言的语法术语,但是,在汉语中确实也存在着词缀这样一种现象。词缀作为汉语中的重要语法现象,已经有很久的历史。《诗经》里早已出现,如“有、其、然、如、尔”等。之后又产生了一些新的词缀,如“生、个、底、老、阿、子、儿”等。这些词缀,在汉语的发展过程中,有的消失了,有的却仍活跃在今天的汉语中,常见的如“老、子、头、儿”等。词缀作为一种重要的构词手段,在汉语的发展历程中有着非常重要的地位。 关于词缀研究的文章很多,也取得了丰硕的成果,不过存在的分歧也不少。纵观这些研究,都是针对某个或是某些词缀现象进行描写总结的。因为没有固定的范围,研究就比较松散,规范性不强,很难得到清晰的思路和认识。如果以辞典为语料,对词缀及其构词情况进行详尽地统计,,就会对词缀方面的问题有更清晰的认识。 本文着重研究的是现代汉语中的词缀,选择了两本非常具有代表性的辞典《国语辞典》(1957年影印本)和《现代汉语词典》(2005年版)作为语料,将两本辞书中的词缀进行整体概貌描写和计量反映,然后对两本辞书中的词缀及其构词情况进行对比分析,考察现代汉语词缀在这段历史时期的发展演变状况,寻求其发展变化的规律。 论文共分为七个部分: 第一部分是绪论部分,主要介绍了本文的选题理由、研究内容和研究价值,对本文的研究难点和研究方法进行了简要说明。 第二部分是词缀概述,主要包括词缀研究述评和关于词缀,对词缀的研究状况进行了分时期梳理,比较了各家在词缀名称、定义和判定方面的不同,并提出了自己在词缀判定方面的标准。 第三部分是《国语辞典》词缀描写及分析,主要对《国语辞典》中的四个前缀、十四个后缀,从词缀的演变历史、词缀类型、词缀的搭配范围及构词数量等方面进行了详尽的统计与描写。 第四部分是《现代汉语词典》词缀描写及分析,主要对《现代汉语词典》中的四个前缀,十二个后缀,从词缀类型、词缀的搭配范围及构词数量等方面进行了详尽的统计与描写。 第五部分是《国语辞典》和《现代汉语词典》词缀比较分析,主要分析了两本辞书中词缀的变化,主要表现在四个方面:词缀成员的变化、词缀类型的变化、词缀搭配范围的变化、词缀构词数量的变化、词缀构词色彩的变化。 第六部分是《国语辞典》和《现代汉语词典》词根的词缀化倾向分析,主要通过对“非、准、性、化、家、迷”等词素在《国语辞典》和《现代汉语词典》中的变化探讨词根的词缀化倾向。 第七部分是结语部分,对文章的研究内容和研究成果进行了总结,并对不足之处进行了说明。
[Abstract]:Chinese is an isolated language in typology, and there is no change in form in strict sense. Its main grammatical means are word order and function words. Affixes are grammatical terms for flexion and translation such as English, but. As an important grammatical phenomenon in Chinese, affixes have a long history. The Book of songs has appeared in the Book of songs for a long time, such as "yes, its, however, such as." After that, some new affixes have emerged, such as "Sheng, Zhi, Bu, Lao, Ah, Zi, er," and so on. Some of these affixes have disappeared in the course of the development of Chinese, while others are still active in today's Chinese. Affixes, as an important means of word-formation, play a very important role in the development of Chinese. There are a lot of articles on affix research, but there are still a lot of differences. Because there is no fixed scope, the research is relatively loose, normative is not strong, it is difficult to get clear ideas and understanding. If the dictionary as a corpus. Detailed statistics of affixes and their word-formation will give a clearer understanding of affix problems. This paper focuses on affixes in modern Chinese. Two very representative dictionaries, Mandarin Dictionary (1957 photocopy) and Modern Chinese Dictionary (2005 Edition) were selected as the corpus. The affixes in the two dictionaries are described and measured, then the affixes and their word-formation in the two dictionaries are compared and analyzed to investigate the development and evolution of affixes in modern Chinese in this historical period. Seek the law of its development and change. The thesis is divided into seven parts: The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the reason, the research content and the research value of this paper, and gives a brief explanation of the research difficulties and research methods. The second part is an overview of affixes, mainly including a review of affix research and about affixes, the research situation of affixes has been sorted out in different periods, and the differences in the names, definitions and judgments of affixes have been compared. And put forward their own standards in the determination of affixes. The third part is the description and analysis of affixes in Mandarin Dictionary, mainly about the four prefixes and fourteen suffixes in Mandarin Dictionary, from the evolution history of affixes and the types of affixes. The collocation range and word formation quantity of affixes are analyzed and described in detail. The 4th part is the description and analysis of affixes in Modern Chinese Dictionary, mainly on the four prefixes and twelve suffixes in Modern Chinese Dictionary, from the affix types. The collocation range and word formation quantity of affixes are analyzed and described in detail. The 5th part is a comparative analysis of affixes in Mandarin Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary. It mainly analyzes the changes of affixes in the two dictionaries, mainly in four aspects: the changes of affix members and the changes of affix types. The change of affix collocation range, the number of affix word formation, the change of affix formation color. The 6th part is the analysis of the affixing tendency of the roots of the Mandarin Dictionary and the Modern Chinese Dictionary, mainly through the analysis of "right, right, sex, transformation, home". The changes of morphemes in Mandarin Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary discuss the tendency of affixing of roots. The 7th part is the conclusion part, summarizes the research content and the research result, and explains the deficiency.
【学位授予单位】:山东师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:H146;H164

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