汉法被动语态的认识对比

发布时间：2018-02-14 22:10

本文关键词： 被动语态汉语法语对比研究　出处：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：被动语态是在日常生活用语和书面表达中常出现的一种语法现象。它也是汉语和法语共有的语言现象。随着认知语言学和对比语言学的发展和深入研究,国内外许多语言学家对被动语态进行了研究和分析。深入和正确的研究汉法被动语态的相似和不同之处,有利于我们更好的掌握语言。本文将在对比语言学和认知语言学的理论基础上,从句法和语义两方面来分析汉语和法语被动语态的相似之处和不同之处。本文分为六章：第一章介绍了被动语态的发展和研究现状,以及存在的问题,并对全文的写作目的、论题作了简要的介绍。第二章介绍了认知语言学和对比语言学理论。首先,本章介绍了所使用的认知语言学理论,包括原型理论和理想化认知模式。然后对被动语态的两个属性升级降级和客体受动性做了分析。第三章对被动语态的概念进行了介绍。并分别介绍了汉语被动语态和法语被动语态的形式和特点。笔者认为虽然汉语和法语形式和使用差别很大,但它们的被动语态句法构成时,都会遵循升级降级和主语受动性原则。因此,第四章以乔姆斯基的原则和参数理论为基础,从句法方面对汉法被动句中的主语、谓语动词和引导施动者的介词的功能和地位做了比较。第五章从语义和语用角度对汉法被动语态进行了分析。汉语的被动语态时常用来表达不好的事情和不希望发生的事情,而法国人更喜欢用主动语态表达被动的意义。第六章对全文进行了总结。
[Abstract]:Passive voice is a grammatical phenomenon that often occurs in daily life and written expressions. It is also a common linguistic phenomenon in Chinese and French. With the development and in-depth study of cognitive linguistics and contrastive linguistics, Many linguists at home and abroad have studied and analyzed passive voice. This paper will analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and French passive voice from syntactic and semantic aspects on the basis of contrastive linguistics and cognitive linguistics. The first chapter introduces the development and research status of passive voice, as well as the existing problems, and gives a brief introduction to the purpose of the full text. Chapter two introduces the theories of cognitive linguistics and contrastive linguistics. It includes prototype theory and idealized cognitive model, and then analyzes two attributes upgrade and demotion of passive voice and object passivity. The third chapter introduces the concept of passive voice, and introduces the forms and characteristics of Chinese passive voice and French passive voice. The author thinks that although the form and use of Chinese and French are quite different, their passive voice syntactic structure will follow the principles of upgrade, demotion and subject activeness. Therefore, Chapter 4th is based on Chomsky's principle and parameter theory. This paper compares the function and position of the subject, the predicate verb and the preposition of the lead executor in Chinese and French passive sentences from the syntactic point of view. Chapter 5th analyzes Chinese and French passive voice from semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Chinese passive voice is often used to express bad things and things that do not want to happen, while the French prefer to use active voice to express passive meaning. Chapter 6th summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H32

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