上古鱼、铎、阳三部同源词研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 07:33

本文关键词： 同源词同源字典词义引申音近义通　出处：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：王力《同源字典》开启了现代汉语同源词研究的新纪元,他给后人指明了考察上古汉语同源词的音义准则,即“音近义通”。王力在编著《同源字典》时,在声音的限定条例上力求克服章太炎《文始》中的不足,掌握的原则很严格,但仍存在旁对转、通转的情况,而且在意义的系联上只采用互训、同训、递训的方法,没有尽可能多地把词与词系联起来,他主张宁缺毋滥,所以在同源词的系联上有些许遗漏。王宁则提出系联同源词不能局限于王力的“三训”(即同训、互训、递训),她提出了“同源词义素分析法”。这种分析方法的作用便是对同源词意义的内部结构进行详细分析。通过这种分析,即可从一组同源词中归纳出词源意义,就是我们通常说的构词理据。孟蓬生以综合考察法、义素分析法、平行互证法、层次分析法作为主要研究方法,对同源词语音关系进行研究取得的初步成果。旨在总结并继承前人与时贤的理论研究成果的基础上,通过对同源词语音关系(声转关系和韵转关系)的全面分析与综合考察,揭示出同源词语音间关系的复杂性和规律性,为同源词的判定与系联提供可靠的依据。黄易青则与孟蓬生的研究角度不同,他从意义的角度出发,对同源词的界定和阐释进行了系统的论述。为了对同源词有更系统的研究,借鉴王宁、孟蓬生、黄易青等的研究理念,对王力《同源字典》做相应的补充。本文针对王力研究方法和内容的遗漏,通过分上古韵部研究同源词的方法,参考沈兼士的《广韵声系》以声符系联同源词的方法,以《集韵》《汉语大字典》为研究材料,归纳整理出了19组同源词。根据“音近义通”的原则尽可能多的系联同源词,使每组同源词各词之间的意义都相通,且有个共同的“核心义素”。从而完善《同源字典》的收词少、原则过于严苛的不足。本文由三部分组成：第一章为绪论,对从古至今同源词的研究概况进行了梳理,并指出了今后研究应继续努力的方向。第二章为正文,分别列举出了上古鱼铎阳三部中共19组同源词：“过去义”3字、“干枯义”4字、“居家义”11字、“坚固义”4字、“苦义”4字、“粘连义”5字、“容器义”9字、“明白义”4字、“雄性义”4字、“红色义”6字、“惊视义”7字、“行走义”4字、“大义”36字、“离开义”3字、“猝然紧迫之义”7字、“空虚义”10字、“伤义”5字、“光亮义”4字、“边界义”8字。第三部分为结论,对研究成果进行了归纳和总结。
[Abstract]:Wang Li's "homology Dictionary" opens a new era in the study of homology in modern Chinese. He pointed out to the posterity the criteria for examining the phonological meanings of ancient Chinese homologues, that is, "consonance of sounds and meanings". In compiling the Dictionary of homology, Wang Li wrote the Dictionary of homology. With regard to the regulations governing the limitation of sound, we should strive to overcome the shortcomings in Zhang Taiyan's "the beginning of the text". The principles we have mastered are very strict, but there still exists the situation of turning side by side and changing hands. Moreover, only the methods of mutual training, same training and passing on training are used in relation to the meaning of the relevant departments. Instead of associating words with words as much as possible, he argues that it is better to be absent than to be indiscriminate, so there are some omissions in the synonyms. Wang Ning suggested that the homologues should not be limited to the "three trainings" (that is, the "same training, mutual training" of Wang Li). This method is used to analyze the internal structure of the meaning of homologous words in detail. Through this analysis, the etymological meaning can be induced from a group of homologous words. That's what we usually call word-formation motivations. Meng Pengsheng uses the comprehensive investigation method, the sememe analysis method, the parallel cross-validation method, and the analytic hierarchy process as the main research methods. On the basis of summing up and inheriting the theoretical research achievements of predecessors and Shi Xian, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and comprehensive investigation on the phonological relations of homologous words (phonological relationship and rhyme transformation relationship). It reveals the complexity and regularity of the relationship between homologous words, and provides a reliable basis for judging and associating the homologues. Huang Yi-qing is different from Meng Pengsheng in his research, and he sets out from the angle of meaning. In order to have a more systematic study on the homologues, we draw lessons from the research ideas of Wang Ning, Meng Pengsheng, Huang Yi-qing, etc. This paper aims at the omission of the research methods and contents of Wang Li, by dividing the ancient prosody to study the homology words, referring to the method of associating the words with the phonetic characters in the "Guangyun Sound Series" of Shen Jianshi, and referring to the method of associating the words with the phonetic characters. Taking "Ji Yun" "Chinese Dictionary" as the research material, 19 groups of homologues are summed up and sorted out. According to the principle of "sound and meaning communication", as many conjunctions as possible can be used to make each group of homologues have the same meanings. And there is a common "core sememe". Thus, there are few words accepted and the principle is too strict. This paper is composed of three parts: the first chapter is an introduction, combing the research situation of homology words from ancient to present. And pointed out the future research should continue to work on the direction. Chapter II is the text, 19 groups of homologues of ancient Yuduo Yang were listed respectively: "past meaning" 3 words, "dry meaning" 4 words, "home meaning" 11 words, "strong meaning" 4 words, "bitter meaning" 4 words, "adhesive meaning" 5 words, "container meaning" 9 words, "clear meaning" 4 words, male. "4", "red" 6, "shocked" 7, "walk" 36, "leave" 3, "sudden urgency" 7, "emptiness" 10, "hurt" 5, "bright" 4, "boundary" 8. The third part concludes, The research results are summarized and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H139

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