《二程语录》副词研究

发布时间：2018-02-17 05:14

本文关键词： 二程语录副词语法化　出处：《云南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：副词是在句法结构中，对谓词性结构起修饰作用而从不被其他成分修饰的词。它表示动作或情态的时间、范围、程度、频率等意义。最早对副词进行全面研究的是《马氏文通》（称为“状字”）。《马氏文通》之后，语法学界普遍认为汉语里有“副词”这样一类词，章士钊在《中等国文典》中明确提出“副词”这一名称。副词是汉语中比较复杂而又研究得不够充分的一个词类，特别是副词发展到了近代汉语时期，上承上古、中古汉语副词，，下启近代、现代汉语副词。副词的结构类型由单音节副词为主迅速转变为以双音节副词为主，还伴有少量多音节副词。副词的构词能力进一步增强。近代汉语时期有大量的语录体材料，他们是我们研究中世纪语言概貌的最珍贵的“共时语料”。程颢、程颐生活的年代在北宋仁宗至徽宗之间，即公元1032年至1107年。在汉语史的分期上，按照吕叔湘先生的观点，则属于近代汉语时期。吕叔湘先生的分期主要着眼于语法、词汇。鉴于二程语录词汇语法方面的特点，我们将二程语录考虑在近代汉语这一范围之内。《二程语录》的口语化程度较高，无论是语法还是词汇都出现了很多新的成分，这些新的成分便是二程时期语言的特色。根据二程语录中的材料，从中了解宋代语言面貌，不但直接，而且可信，这是其他很多宋代的文献所不能替代的。笔记小说等文献中有不少口语材料，但相对比较零散，并且不如二程语录涉及面广,出现频率高。在一种相对统一的材料里面，更容易看出其必然性，得出可靠的结论。
[Abstract]:Adverbs are words that, in syntactic structures, modify predicate structures and are never modified by other components. They indicate the time, scope and degree of action or modality. Frequency and other meanings. The earliest comprehensive study of adverbs was "Ma Shi Wen Tong" (called "characters"). After "Ma Shi Wen Tong", grammatical circles generally thought that there were such words as "adverbs" in Chinese. Zhang Shizhao clearly put forward the name "adverb" in the Chinese Dictionary. Adverbs are a complex and poorly studied part of speech in Chinese, especially the adverbs developed into the modern Chinese period and inherited the ancient times. The structure type of adverbs changed rapidly from monosyllabic adverbs to disyllabic adverbs. Accompanied by a small number of polysyllabic adverbs. The ability of word-formation of adverbs was further enhanced. There were a lot of quotations in modern Chinese, and they were the most precious "synchronic materials" for our study of the general picture of medieval languages. Cheng Yi lived in the period from 1032 to 1107 between Renzong and Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the viewpoint of Mr. Lv Shuxiang, it belonged to the modern Chinese period. Lexicon. In view of the features of the lexical grammar of the second quotations, we consider them to be within the scope of modern Chinese. The colloquialization of "the second Quotations" is quite high. There are many new elements in both grammar and vocabulary. These new elements are the characteristics of the language of the second stage. According to the materials in the two quotations, we can understand the appearance of the language of the Song Dynasty. It is not only direct, but also credible, which cannot be replaced by many other documents of the Song Dynasty. There are quite a lot of oral materials in the literature such as notebooks and novels, but they are relatively scattered, and they are not as extensive as the quotations of the second Cheng. In a relatively uniform material, it is easier to see its inevitability and draw reliable conclusions.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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