可及性经验推理：误解形成的根源之一

发布时间：2018-02-23 18:15

本文关键词： 误解可及性经验推理认知心理根源调查问卷 SPSS　出处：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：言语交际是一种重要的人类活动,对人类的生存和发展起着至关重要的作用。但语言使用只能促进人们之间的交流,使相互理解成为可能,并不能保证交际活动必然成功。日常交际现实和以往对误解现象的研究证实了误解不仅广泛存在于交际活动中,而且不可避免。本文试图从认知心理学角度出发探究误解产生的根源。通过问卷调查分析,发现可及性经验推理是误解产生的认知心理根源之一。根据心理学研究,可及性经验推理指人们决策时容易根据相关事件的易获得性做出判断的规律或倾向。在语言使用中,我们把可及性经验推理界定为人们根据个人相关经验的易提取性去理解话语的倾向,其中个人相关经验包括个人生活经验和语言经验两部分。据此,我们假设可及性经验推理会干扰人们的话语理解,即人们倾向于根据个人经验去理解话语。运用SPSS软件对数据进行的分析表明,人们理解话语的方式与自身经验相一致。大多数情况下,人们在话语理解时倾向于选择与自身生活经验相一致的理解方式,少数情况下人们会根据语言经验理解话语,即受到“连环效应”的影响。因此,不同的人由于自身经验的差异,会对同一话语产生不同的理解,进而有可能在实际交际中引起误解。本研究有助于加深人们对自身作为语言使用者的认识,从而帮助人们更好地使用和理解语言。鉴于目前有关误解现象的研究多以定性研究为主,本文从认知心理角度对误解进行的实证性定量研究对现有研究起到了一定的补充和验证作用。
[Abstract]:Verbal communication is an important human activity, which plays a vital role in the survival and development of human beings. But language use can only promote communication between people and make mutual understanding possible. The reality of daily communication and previous studies on misunderstanding have proved that misunderstanding is not only widespread in communicative activities, but also inevitable. This paper attempts to explore the causes of misunderstanding from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Through the questionnaire survey, it is found that accessible empirical reasoning is one of the cognitive psychological sources of misunderstanding. Accessible empirical reasoning is the rule or tendency of people to make decisions based on the availability of relevant events. In language use, We define accessibility empirical reasoning as the tendency of people to understand discourse according to the abstractness of personal relevant experience, in which personal relevant experience includes two parts: personal life experience and language experience. We assume that accessible empirical reasoning interferes with people's discourse understanding, that is, people tend to interpret discourse according to their personal experience. The analysis of data using SPSS software shows that the way people understand discourse is consistent with their own experience. In most cases, people tend to choose a way of understanding which is consistent with their own life experience. In a few cases, people will understand words according to their language experience, that is, they will be influenced by "chain effect". Therefore, different people will have different understanding of the same discourse because of their own experience. This may lead to misunderstanding in practical communication. This study helps to deepen people's understanding of themselves as a language user, thus helping people to better use and understand language. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, the empirical quantitative research on misunderstanding has played a certain role in complementing and validating the existing research.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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