英汉条件句的类型学研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 11:09

本文关键词： 英汉条件句类型学原形理论　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：条件句表示“根据某一条件推断事物间的联系”。在我们所能了解到的语言当中都存在“条件”这一概念。较少有涉及类型学方面的研究。本文旨在找出英汉条件句的类型特征并做出认知解释。理论上,本文采用原型理论作为理论框架；方法上,本文采用定量分析与定性分析相结合,以及数据统计的方法对条件句进行跨语言分析。本文建立了一个具有代表性的样品库,该样品库包含58种语言,涉及SVO、SOV和VSO三种语言类型。本文从三个方面对条件句进行了分类,分别是语义分类,标记手段分类和句法分类。在分类的基础上,从蕴含共性和语法等级两方面来考察英汉条件句。第一,考察语序蕴含共性和语义逻辑关系蕴含共性。通过本文的研究得出结论：一种语言如果只有一种语序,则肯定是PQ语序。研究还发现,SVO语言中,当一种语言“条件小句关联标记+条件小句”语序出现两种或者两种以上情况时,必有一种是MP语序。SOV语言中,当一种语言“条件小句关联标记十条件小句”语序出现三种情况时,必有一种是MP语序。VSO语言中,当一种语言“条件小句关联标记+条件小句”语序出现一种或者一种以上情况时,必有一种是MP语序。同时PM语言中,M倾向于在Sc之后,而在MP语言中,M倾向于在Sc之前。这个双条件共性可以表达为MSc=MP。如果一种语言中有一种语义逻辑关系的条件句时,一定是充分条件句。属于SVO语言的英语和汉语符合上述所得到的蕴含共性。第二,考察成分共现语法等级、标记语法等级和条件主语语法等级。成分共现语法等级为(ScM)＞Sc, M＞0S0M。标记语法等级为B1,B2＞B3,B0。条件主语语法等级由三个子等级组成。人称等级为PS2＞PS1,PS3;指称性等级为PR＞CN＞PN;生命度等级为HIA。英语和汉语都属于SVO语言。在符合上述得到的语法等级的基础上,英语和汉语,特别是汉语有自己的特点。汉语的成分共现语法等级是(ScM)＞M＞Sc＞OScOM。英语和汉语都没有第二种比较手段(B2),因此标记手段语法等级为B1B0B3。汉语扩展生命度等级的特点体现在指称性等级是PR,CN＞PN。本文主要是揭示英汉条件句的类型学特征,为双语教学、二语习得和英汉翻译工作提供理论上的支持；同时对语言的类型和共性的研究也有积极的意义。
[Abstract]:Conditional sentence means "inferring the relation between things according to a certain condition". In the language we know, there is a concept of "conditionals". There are few studies concerning typology. The purpose of this paper is to find out the type characteristics of English and Chinese conditionals and make a cognitive explanation.
In theory, this paper uses the prototype theory as the theoretical framework; methods, this paper combines quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods, and data statistics to make a cross linguistic study of conditional sentences. This paper established a representative sample, the sample library contains 58 languages, involving SVO, SOV and VSO three a type of language.
This paper classifies the conditional sentences from three aspects, namely semantic classification, classification and syntactic markers in classification. On the basis of the classification, from the general and contains two levels to study English and Chinese grammar conditionals. First, effects of implicational universals and semantic logical relation contained in common. Through this article research conclusion a language: if there is only one word, it is certainly in order. The study also found that PQ, SVO language, as a language "clause associated markers + conditions clause" word order two or more than two of cases, there will be a MP order in.SOV, when a "language clausal relevance marking the ten condition clause" order three kinds of situation, there will be a MP order in the.VSO language, as a language "clause associated markers + conditions clause" word order appears one or more situations, There will be a MP order. At the same time, PM language, M tend to Sc, and in MP, M tend to before Sc. The two common conditions can be expressed as MSc=MP. if a language has a semantic logical relation of conditional sentences, some sufficient conditions belong to the sentence. SVO language in English and Chinese with the implicational universals obtained. Second. The effects of the composition of co-occurrence grammatical level, grade and subject condition syntax markup syntax level. Component co-occurrence grammar grade (ScM), Sc, M, 0S0M. mark grammar class is B1, B2, B3, B0. levels from the three grammatical subject condition sub grade. Personal rating is PS2 > PS1, PS3; the referential level is PR > CN > PN; the life grade is HIA. English and Chinese belong to the SVO language. In the base of the grammar class, English and Chinese, especially Chinese have their own characteristics. Chinese into The co occurrence syntax level is (ScM) > M > Sc > OScOM.. Neither English nor Chinese have second comparison means (B2). Therefore, the grammatical level of marking means is the characteristic of B1B0B3.'s Chinese extended life scale, which is reflected in the referential level is PR, CN > PN..
This paper mainly reveals the typological features of English and Chinese conditionals, which provides theoretical support for bilingual teaching, two language acquisition and English Chinese translation. Meanwhile, it also has positive significance for the research of language types and universals.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H314

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