海安方言轻声调式实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 05:30

本文关键词： 海安方言轻声调式对数 Z-score法　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海安方言隶属江淮官话泰如片，地理上位于北方方言区和吴方言区的过渡带。迄今为止，论及海安方言的文献资料较少，，其中有关海安方言调系的研究成果尚存不少歧异。本文尝试借助声学实验来研究海安方言的轻声调式，以期揭示该方言轻声变调的事实，得出较为客观可靠的科学结论，为消除传统认识中的歧异提供参考。第一章绪论首先回顾了前人关于轻声性质的观点，并基于前人观点提出了本文对轻声性质的意见。接着介绍了学界在轻声声学性质方面的研究成果，以及海安方言轻声变调的研究现状。然后围绕声调实验研究，阐述了载调段、声调感知、基频归一等几个与之相关的理论问题。最后交代了本文的研究目的，叙述了本文的研究方法和研究过程。第二章从音高和调长两方面研究了海安方言单字调。首先由语音样本提取出基频数据，然后使用LZ法对基频数据作归一化处理，并将基频归一值换算成五度以得出海安方言单字调调值，再跟传统文献中的拟值做比对。实验结果表明，海安方言的上声是低升调（实验值为男声113，女声223），这与传统方言学所认为的曲折调（调值拟为212或213）不一致。其调值的最终确定还有待进一步展开调查。调长的情况是，舒声调中数上声最长，阳平、去声次之，阴平最短；促声调中阴入长于阳入。第三、四两章分别研究了海安方言的“T+T0”和“T+T0+T0”轻声调式，同样是从音高和调长两方面进行。研究方法同单字调，即先从语音样本中提取基频测量值，然后用LZ法对其进行归一化处理，再将归一化结果换算成五度，从而得到用五度制所描述的两种调式的变调规律，再将该实验结论与传统文献中所记载的变调规律相比对。研究发现，海安方言轻声调式的整体音高变化趋势跟非轻声单字调相一致，是一种“词调”。整个调式的起点音高是非轻声单字调的起点音高，调式末端的轻声音高有固定的目标值，这个目标值就是非轻声单字调的终点音高。而调式内部音高的赋值都是以帮助实现“词调”的曲拱特征为目标，调值相对不固定。调长的情况是，当非轻声单字调为舒声时，轻声调长普遍短于非轻声调长，非轻声与轻声的调间时长较短；当非轻声单字调为入声时，情况恰好相反，轻声调长要长于非轻声调长，非轻声与轻声的调间时长较长。第五章总结了本文的实验结论。
[Abstract]:The Haian dialect belongs to the Jiang-Huai dialect, which is located geographically in the transitional zone between the northern dialect and Wu dialect. So far, there is little literature on Haian dialect. There are still many differences in the research results about the tone system of Hai'an dialect. This paper attempts to study the tone modulation of Hai'an dialect by means of acoustic experiments, in order to reveal the facts of the tone change of the dialect, and draw a more objective and reliable scientific conclusion. To provide a reference for the elimination of differences in traditional knowledge. In the first chapter, the author first reviews the previous views on the nature of whispering, and based on the previous views, puts forward the views of this paper on the nature of the soft sound. Then, it introduces the research achievements of the academic circles in the field of the nature of the whispering acoustics. And the present situation of the research on the tone change of Haian dialect. Then, the paper expatiates on some related theoretical problems, such as carrier tone segment, tone perception, fundamental frequency normalization and so on, around the experimental study of tone. Finally, the purpose of this paper is explained. This paper describes the research methods and research process. In the second chapter, the tone of Haian dialect is studied from pitch and tone length. Firstly, the fundamental frequency data is extracted from the speech sample, and then the fundamental frequency data is normalized by LZ method. The basic frequency normalization value is converted to five degrees to get the tonal value of a single word in Haian dialect, and then compared with the pseudo-value in the traditional literature. The experimental results show that, The upper tone of Haian dialect is a low ascending tone (the experimental value is male voice 113, female voice 223), which is inconsistent with the traditional dialectology's belief that the zigzag tone (the modulation value is to be 212 or 213). The final determination of its modulation value needs to be further investigated. The number of tones in Shu tone is the longest, Yangping is the second, Yin is the shortest, and the Yin is longer than the Yang in the tone. In the third and fourth chapters, the "T _ T _ 0" and "T _ T _ 0T _ 0" tones of Haian dialect are studied respectively, which are also carried out from the aspects of pitch and length. The research method is the same as that of single word tone, that is, the fundamental frequency measurement value is extracted from the speech sample first. Then the method of LZ is used to normalize it, and then the normalized result is converted into five degrees, and then the variation law of the two modes described in the five-degree system is obtained. Comparing the experimental results with the tonal changes recorded in the traditional literature, it is found that the overall variation trend of the tone tone in Haian dialect is consistent with that of the non-tone tone. The starting pitch of the entire tone is not the starting pitch of a single tone, and the soft pitch at the end of the tone has a fixed target value. This target value is the final pitch of the non-soft tone. The assignment of the internal pitch of the mode is aimed at helping to achieve the curved arch characteristics of the "word tone", and the modulation value is relatively variable. In the case of a long tone, when the tone is not softly tuned to a soothing tone, The length of the soft tone is generally shorter than that of the non-light tone, and the time between the non-light tone and the non-light tone is shorter, but the situation is just the opposite when the tone of the non-light tone is entered, the length of the light tone is longer than that of the non-light tone, and the time between the non-light tone and the non-light tone is longer than that between the non-light tone and the soft sound. Chapter 5th summarizes the experimental results of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.4

【相似文献】