典型无主句在对俄汉语教学中的翻译问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 06:00

本文选题：典型无主句　切入点：无人称句　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代汉语句型系统中只有谓语，没有主语的句子被称为无主句，汉语中的无主句被认为是汉语的特色之一。无主句不仅大量存在，且有很多类型。语言学家从不同的角度对无主句进行研究，对于无主句的使用情况大致分为两种，一种是无需补出主语，也无法说出主语是谁；一种是主语在上文或下文中出现了，承前或者蒙后省。本文只针对无主句使用的第一种情况进行研究，并且把这种情况的无主句称为“典型无主句”。不仅汉语里面存在着无主句，印欧语系斯拉夫语族中的成员之一—俄语也存在着“无主句”这样的语言现象，但是俄语里的无主句却与汉语里的无主句不同。俄语句子包括很多类型，这些类型的句子都与我们所研究的无主句问题密切相关。俄语里还有“格”的语法范畴，句中的俄语名词及部分代词，总是具有一定的“格”的形式，体现一定的“格”的意义。“格”实质上是对客观世界中动作与事物，事物与事物间的关系反映。俄语中这些名词与代词的“格”的意义也同样与我们研究的无主句问题有着很密切的联系。本论文论述了语言学界对于无主句问题以及无主句对译问题的一些研究方法及研究成果，以语法理论为依据，，以本人内省式及一些文学作品和网络中出现的无主句为语料来源，分别阐述并且列举出汉语中的典型无主句与俄语中的无主句，分析这些无主句现象，将它们进行对比分析，并且对典型无主句在对俄汉语教学中出现的翻译问题进行研究，找出其在翻译中应遵循的原则及应采用的手段与方法。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese sentence pattern system, there are only predicates, and sentences without subject are called "no subject", and they are regarded as one of the characteristics of Chinese. There are many types. Linguists study the subject-free sentence from different angles. The use of the subject-free sentence can be roughly divided into two types: one is that there is no need to add the subject and the subject is unable to tell who the subject is; One is that the subject appears in the preceding or the following. This paper only studies the first case in which no subject is used, and refers to it as a "typical no-subject". Not only does there exist no subject sentence in Chinese, but one of the members of the Indo-European Slavic family, Russian, also has a linguistic phenomenon such as "no subject sentence". However, there are many types of sentences in Russian which are closely related to the subject-free sentences we study. There is also the grammatical category of "case" in Russian, and the Russian nouns and some pronouns in the sentence always have the form of "case", which embodies the meaning of "case". In essence, "case" is the action and thing in the objective world. The meaning of "case" of these nouns and pronouns in Russian is also closely related to the question of "no subject" we study. This thesis discusses some research methods and research results on the subject-free problem and the subject-free translation problem in the field of linguistics, which is based on the grammatical theory. Taking my introspection and some literary works and the absence of subject sentences in the network as the source of the corpus, this paper expounds and enumerates the typical non-subject sentences in Chinese and the non-subject sentences in Russian, analyzes these phenomena, and makes a comparative analysis of them. This paper also studies the translation problems of typical no-subject sentences in Russian and Chinese teaching, and finds out the principles, methods and methods to be followed in translation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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