宁洱汉族、哈尼族、彝族汉语当地话声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 06:13

本文选题：宁洱汉族　切入点：哈尼族　出处：《云南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文根据实验语音学的理论和方法，对宁洱县主体民族——汉族、哈尼族和彝族汉语当地话进行声调实验研究，用语音学客观数据呈现宁洱多民族汉语当地话的声调特点。笔者从音高角度分析了宁洱多民族汉语当地话单字调静态语音特征及双字调动态组合变调语音特征，对宁洱汉族、哈尼族和彝族汉语当地话声调系统进行了较为精确、全面的描述分析，以期能为后人研究宁洱多民族汉语当地话提供比较可靠的数据和认识。实验分析表明，宁洱三个主体民族的汉语当地话有着相同的共性，也存在着明显的差异，甚至宁洱汉族汉语当地话也存在着农村汉族声调系统与城区汉族声调系统的差别。宁洱汉族、哈尼族和彝族汉语当地话声调实验特征具体表现为：单字调方面，宁洱农村汉族汉语当地话有阴平、阳平、上声和去声四个调类，，调值分别为55、41、31、25。宁洱城区汉族汉语当地话有阴平、阳平、上声和去声四个调类，调值分别为55、41、31、215。宁洱哈尼族汉语当地话有阴平、阳平、上声和去声四个调类，调值分别为44、42、41、25。宁洱彝族汉语当地话只有阴平、上声和去声三个调类，调值分别为33、31、15，其中阳平和上声是自由变体。双字调方面，宁洱农村汉族在四种声调的16种不同组合中，调形变化不突出，只表现在阴平+去声组合中，去声由原升调变为平调。调值变化方面，16个组合中共有14个出现调值变化情况，主要体现在阳平、上声和去声三个调类，阴平调值变化不明显。宁洱城区汉族声调调形调值变化与农村汉族一致。宁洱哈尼族调形变化表现在阴平+阳平组合和阴平+去声组合中，在前一组合，阴平由原平调变为降调，阳平调型不变；在后一组合中，阴平调形不变，去声由原升调变为平调。调值方面，在16个组合中共有12个组合出现变调情况，主要体现在阴平、阳平和上声三个调类，去声调值变化不明显，具体变化倾向于宁洱农村汉族汉语当地话。宁洱彝族在双字调组合中，单字调时原有的三个声调变为组合后的四个声调，阳平调与上声调能区分开来。调形变化表现在阴平+去声组合中，阴平调形不变，去声由原升调变为平调，调值方面共有12个组合出现变调情况，主要体现在阴平、阳平和上声三个调类，去声调值变化不明显，具体变化情况类似宁洱哈尼族汉语当地话。总体来看，宁洱汉族、哈尼族、彝族汉语当地话声调都较为柔和，阳平和上声易混淆。从以上数据中可以看出各民族汉语当地话间存在着很大的相关性，宁洱哈尼族汉语当地话与农村汉族汉语当地话比较相似，但自身却有着别具一格的变调情况，宁洱彝族汉语当地话与哈尼族汉语当地话比较类似，又有着自身独特的语音声调系统。
[Abstract]:According to the theory and method of experimental phonetics, this paper makes an experimental study on the tones of the main ethnic groups in Ninger County, namely, the Han nationality, the Hani nationality and the Yi nationality. Based on the objective phonological data, the author presents the tone characteristics of Ninger multiethnic Chinese local dialect. From the angle of pitch, the author analyzes the static phonological characteristics of single character tone and the dynamic combination of two-character tone in Ninger multi-national Chinese local dialect, and analyzes the phonological characteristics of Ninger Han nationality. The tone system of Hani and Yi Chinese dialect is described accurately and comprehensively in order to provide reliable data and understanding for later generations to study Ninger multi-national Chinese local dialect. The experimental analysis shows that the three main ethnic groups of Ninger have the same common Chinese local language, but also have obvious differences. Even the Chinese local dialect of Ninger Han nationality is different from that of the urban Han nationality in the rural and urban areas. The experimental features of the tones of the local dialect of Ninger Han, Hani and Yi nationality are as follows:. In terms of the tone of a single character, there are four types of tones in the native Chinese dialect of the rural Han nationality in Ninger, namely, Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng and De-sheng, with a tuning value of 55 / 41 / 31 / 25 respectively. There are four types of tones in the local Chinese dialect of Han nationality in Ninger City, namely, Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng and De-sheng. The modulation values are 55FU 41Q31Q215.The local dialect of Ninger Hani nationality has four kinds of tones: Ying-ping, Yangping, Shangsheng and De-sheng, with a tuning value of 44Q42C41C25. There are only three kinds of tones in the Chinese local dialect of Ninger nationality: Yin Ping, Shangsheng and Daosheng. The modulation values were 33 / 31 / 15 respectively, in which Yangping and Shangsheng were free variants. In terms of double tone, in 16 different combinations of four tones, the Han nationality in Ninger rural areas did not show significant diatonic changes, but only in the combination of Yin and Ping. In terms of the change of the modulation value, 14 of the 16 combinations showed changes in the modulation value, mainly reflected in the three categories of Yangping, Shangsheng and de-tone. The change of tone adjustment value of Han nationality in Ninger City is consistent with that of the rural Han nationality. The change of the shape adjustment value of Hani nationality in Ninger is reflected in the combination of Yin Ping Yang Ping and Yin Ping, in the former combination, In the latter combination, the Yin flat tone is unchanged, and the sound loss is changed from the original ascending tone to the horizontal tone. With regard to the adjustment value, 12 of the 16 combinations have a change in tone, mainly reflected in the shade and the balance. In Yangping and Shangsheng, the change of tone value is not obvious, but the specific change tends to be in the Chinese local dialect of the rural Han nationality in Ninger. In the two-character tone combination of Ninger Yi nationality, the original three tones are changed into the four tones after the combination. The change of tonality is reflected in the combination of Yin and Ping, in which the flat shape of Yin is unchanged, and the tone is changed from original ascending to flat. In terms of modulation value, there are 12 variations in tone, which are mainly reflected in bland. In Yangping and Shangsheng, the change of detonation value is not obvious, but the concrete change is similar to that of Ninger Hani dialect. Generally speaking, the tones of the local dialect of Ninger Han, Hani and Yi are all relatively soft, and Yangping and Shangsheng are easily confused. From the above data, we can see that there is a great correlation between the various ethnic Chinese local languages. The local dialect of the Ninger Hani nationality is similar to that of the rural Han nationality, but there is a unique change of tone in itself. The local dialect of the Ninger Yi nationality is similar to that of the Hani nationality. Also has its own unique voice tone system.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H2

【共引文献】