反义词“快”“慢”的不对称研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:06

本文选题：快　切入点：慢　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“快”“慢”在现代汉语中是常见的一组反义形容词,使用频率较高。目前尚没有文章对这组词做过专门研究。本文从共时和历时结合的角度,在标记理论和认知语言学理论的基础上,对“快”“慢”在词汇、语义及句法三个层面的不对称进行描写和分析。文章主要由如下几个部分组成：第一部分：绪论。该部分主要介绍相关理论的研究,“反义形容词研究的现状,对于“快”“慢”的研究综述,论文的研究目的和研究意义,语料来源及研究方法。第二部分：对“快”“慢”进行词汇层面的共时描写和分析。发现“快”的构词总量多于“慢”。“快”“慢”所构词中从形式和意义上是否对称方面来说有四种情况,词的形式和意义完全对称的很少,形式和意义都不对称的情况最多,从这一方面“快”“慢”的不对称性体现得也最为明显。“快”及其所构词的使用频率高于“慢”及其所构词,总的说来“快”“慢”在词汇层面是对称中存在不对称。第三部分：“快”“慢”语义演变的历时描写和分析。本部分分别梳理了“快”“慢”的语义演变。发现“快”“慢”构成表示速度高低这一两极义场,它们的发展是不同步的。“快”“慢”语义消亡不对称。“快”“慢”语义引申范围不对称。“快”“慢”语义演变色彩不对称。第四部分：句法层面的描写和分析。本部分分别考察了“快”“慢”与名词、动词及程度副词搭配,重叠形式“快快”“慢慢”的句法特点以及“快”“慢”在比较句中的使用情况。二者跟名词和程度副词的搭配基本是对称的,和动词搭配上不对称表现较为明显,重叠形式“慢慢”比“快快”使用频率高,语法功能更多,使用更自由,在比较句中二者的不对称主要体现在“A+跟/和/同/与+B一样+adj”这一等比句中。
[Abstract]:"Fast" and "slow" are a common group of antithetical adjectives in modern Chinese, which are frequently used. At present, no article has made a special study on this group of words. This article is from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic combination. On the basis of Markedness Theory and Cognitive Linguistics Theory, the lexicon of "fast" and "slow", The article is composed of the following parts: the first part: introduction. This part mainly introduces the research of relevant theories, "the present situation of the research of antisense adjectives," For the "fast" and "slow" research review, the purpose and significance of the research, Data sources and research methods. Part two: synchronic description and analysis of the lexical level of "fast" and "slow". It is found that the total amount of word formation in "fast" is more than that in "slow". Whether the form and meaning of "fast" and "slow" are symmetrical or not. There are four situations. The form and meaning of words are rarely completely symmetrical, and the asymmetry of form and meaning is the most common. The asymmetry of "fast" and "slow" in this respect is also the most obvious. "Fast" and its words are used more frequently than "slow" and its words. The third part: the diachronic description and analysis of the semantic evolution of "fast" and "slow". This part respectively combs the semantic evolution of "fast" and "slow". "slow" constitutes the polar meaning field of speed. Their development is not synchronized. "fast" and "slow" semantic disappearance asymmetry. "fast" "slow" semantic extension range asymmetry. "fast" "slow" semantic evolution color asymmetry. 4th: description and analysis of syntactic level. This paper examines "fast" and "slow" and nouns, The collocation of verbs and degree adverbs, the syntactic characteristics of "quick" and "slow" in the reduplication form, and the use of "quick" and "slow" in comparative sentences are basically symmetrical with nouns and adverbs of degree. The asymmetries in collocation with verbs are more pronounced, the overlapping forms are "slowly" used more frequently than "fast", and they have more grammatical functions and are used more freely. The asymmetry of the two in the comparative sentence is mainly reflected in the "A and / and / and the same / the same adj as B".
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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