《中国日报》和《纽约时报》新闻报道的积极话语对比分析

发布时间：2018-03-11 04:36

本文选题：积极话语分析评价理论　切入点：《中国日报》和《纽约时报》　出处：《西北师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：媒体语篇作为一种社会实践是各种意识形态和各类政策权力相互作用的产物，同时也反映了不同的文化背景和政策制度，因此是话语分析者长期关注和研究的主要对象。Martin及其同事所倡导的积极话语分析理论，要在过于重视批评的批判话语之外建立一种积极的建构视角来分析话语。由于积极话语分析是一种新的理论，很多研究仍然局限于积极话语的理论知识。即使有关于新闻报道的积极话语分析，研究的范围也限于经济和政治领域，很少有体育新闻方面的研究，同时很多对比分析仅限于两篇报道并不能揭示不同国家的新闻语篇中蕴含的意识形态。因此，本文选用《纽约时报》和《中国日报》中关于伦敦奥运会的20篇报道进行积极话语分析对比研究，以期为积极话语分析的发展打开一个新的局面。本文以Fairclough的语篇分析三维模式（“描写”—“阐释”—“解释”）为主要理论框架。但由于三维模式的抽象性，，研究需要借助Halliday的系统功能语言学。而本文所用到的具体分析工具是在对系统功能语言学在人际意义方面发展起来的评价理论，以此来发掘出语篇中可以协商的各种态度以及结合特定的社会文化背景和对外政策对话语层次的选择进行了解释，揭示了新闻语篇中蕴含的意识形态意义。本文通过20篇伦敦奥运会报道的积极话语分析得出《中国日报》和《纽约时报》的相似和不同。相似点：《中国日报》和《纽约时报》都给予伦敦奥运会肯定，同时两份报纸在报道的过程中都基本遵循了新闻报道的原则，都比较客观。不同点：一、通过态度系统的研究发现《纽约时报》比《中国日报》更突出人的个性及行为，而《中国日报》比《纽约时报》更注重情感因素。这种差异性在于不同的宗教和思维模式。二、通过介入系统和极差系统的分析得出相同的结论:由于美国和中国对外政策的不同，美国主张孤立主义和扩张主义而中国提倡和谐共处，因此《中国日报》比《纽约时报》更愿意容纳其他立场。本论文共分六章。第一章为引言，包括本论文的研究背景、目标、意义以及文章的内容结构。本论文的研究目的是：1.为新闻报道积极话语的对比分析找到一种可行有效的方法。2.通过评价系统分析《纽约时报》和《中国日报》的相似性和区别。3.分析不同产生的原因。第二章为文献综述。第三章阐述了用于文中积极话语分析的理论框架：采取Fairclough的语篇分析三维模式为主要框架，借助评价理论为具体分析工具。在这个模型的引导下，第四章呈现具体的研究设计，包括重申研究问题，提出研究方法、数据的收集和筛选、指出研究工具以及具体的研究步骤。第五章从评价理论的三大次系统——态度、介入和级差三方面进行定量和定性分析相结合的分析方式。首先从《中国日报》和《纽约时报》的网页上搜集语料，然后筛选出满足条件的20篇报道并对其进行分析。通过数据的分析以及例子的论证，本章从宗教、思维模式以及外交政策方面总结了《纽约时报》和《中国日报》的差异。本文最后一章是对论文的总结，归纳和解释了评价理论中三大次系统的分析结果，同时指出本论文中的不足之处，在此基础上，提出了此研究的发展方向。总之，本文在一套简单实用的积极话语分析方法的指导之下，通过对《中国日报》和《纽约时报》中20篇新闻报道的分析和研究扩大了积极话语分析的研究范围，以期为现行的积极话语分析作一个有益的补充。
[Abstract]:The media discourse as a social practice is the product of all kinds of ideology and various policy power interaction, but also reflects the different cultural background and policy system, so is the main object of.Martin discourse analysts long-term attention and research and his colleagues advocated positive discourse analysis theory, to construct a positive perspective based on in addition to pay too much attention to critical discourse criticism discourse analysis. Due to the positive discourse analysis is a new theory, a lot of theoretical knowledge research is still limited to positive discourse. Even if there is a positive analysis about news discourse, the research scope is limited to the economic and political fields, there is little research in sports news, and many comparative analysis of only two reports did not reveal the news discourse from different countries contained in ideology. Therefore, this paper selects the "New York Times" and " The 20 reports on the London Olympic Games in China Daily have carried out a comparative study of positive discourse analysis in order to open a new situation for the development of positive discourse analysis.
Based on the textual analysis of Fairclough 3D model ("description" and "interpretation", "explanation") as the main theoretical framework. But because the abstraction of the three-dimensional model, research needs the help of Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. The analysis tools used in this paper is in the system of functional linguistics in the interpersonal meaning of development the appraisal theory, in order to explore negotiation in discourse and combined with the specific social and cultural background and the foreign policy of the discourse understanding, revealed the news discourse contains ideological significance.
The 20 London Olympic Games positive discourse analysis of news reports that China < > and < > the daily New York Times similar and different. Similarities: < > and < > China daily New York Times have given London Olympic Games certainly, also two newspapers in the process of reporting basically followed the news principle objectively at different points: first, through the study of the attitude system of New York Times than China > < < that > daily more prominent personality and behavior of people, and China Daily > < < > than New York Times pay more attention to emotional factors. The difference lies in the different religions and thinking mode. Two, through the analysis of engagement system and range system come to the same conclusion: because the foreign policy of the United States and the United States China, advocated isolationism and expansionism and Chinese advocating harmonious coexistence, so < Chinese < > > daily than New York Times are more willing to hold other positions.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, including the research background, the goal and the significance, content and structure. The purpose of this paper is: 1. news reports comparing positive discourse analysis to find a feasible and effective method of.2. by the similarity and difference between the.3. analysis of the causes of differences in analysis < > and < > China New York Times daily evaluation system. The second chapter is literature review. The third chapter expounds the theoretical framework for the positive discourse analysis: a discourse analysis of Fairclough 3D model as the main framework, with the help of the evaluation theory as the analysis tool. In this model under the guidance of the fourth chapter presents the research design specific, including reiterating the research problem, puts forward the research method, data collection and screening, research tools and research pointed out the specific steps. The fifth chapter from the three subsystems of appraisal theory-- Analysis of attitude, engagement and graduation of three aspects of the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Firstly, from < > and < > Chinese daily New York Times website to collect corpus, and then screened 20 reports to meet the conditions and carries on the analysis. Through the analysis of the data and examples of evidence, this chapter from the religion. Mode of thinking and foreign policy summed up the difference < > and < > New York Times Chinese daily. The last chapter is a summary of the thesis, summarizes and explains the analysis results of the three subsystems of appraisal theory, this paper also points out the deficiencies, on this basis, put forward the development direction of this research.
In conclusion, this paper analysis the guidance in a simple and practical positive discourse, through the analysis and Research on < > and < > China daily New York Times in 20 news reports expanded the scope of the study positive discourse analysis, in order to make a useful complement to the existing positive discourse analysis.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H315;H15;G212

【参考文献】