英汉人际关系隐喻认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:27

本文选题：人际关系　切入点：隐喻　出处：《东北林业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统修辞观把隐喻仅看作一种辞格,作为修辞研究范围,本质上被认为是装饰性的,对其进行的研究也局限于修辞和文学方面。传统的修辞时期的主要理论有对比论,替代论和互动论,这些理论都把隐喻看成一种修辞现象,是词语之间的替代,是增加语言表达能力的可有可无的工具。然而,随着认知语言学的兴起和发展,隐喻不仅被看作一种辞格更被认为是一种重要的认知工具,是一种思维方式。莱考夫和约翰逊认为隐喻普遍存在于人们的日常生活之中,不仅存在于语言中而且也存在于人的思维和行动中,我们赖以进行思考和行为的日常概念系统在本质上是隐喻性的。隐喻的本质就是通过另一类事物来理解和经历某一类事物。人际关系通常指人们在生产、生活过程中建立的一种人与人之间的社会关系。也被称为人际交往,包括亲属关系、朋友关系、学友(同学)关系、师生关系、雇拥关系、战友关系、同事及领导与被领导关系等。人们通常用“好”,“坏”,“一般”来形容人际关系,然而人际关系是一个相对抽象的概念,事实上如果不用隐喻很难准确表达人际关系这一概念。为了更准确生动地描述“人际关系”这一概念.人们通常自觉或不自觉地使用较为具体的事物来使其具体化,范畴化及概念化,既隐喻化。关于“人际关系”的语言表达形式无穷无尽,但却源自为数不多的基本概念隐喻。本文从认知语言学的角度对英汉两种语言中的人际关系隐喻进行对比研究,进而从英汉两种文化的角度来支持隐喻的现代认知理论。在概念隐喻的基础上本文对人际关系隐喻进行了英汉两种语言跨文化研究,目的是发现隐喻与语言及文化模式的关系。通过对大量中英数据的分析,我们发现中英文化中存在很多相同的概念隐喻,如：人际关系是建筑,人际关系是植物,人际关系是天气等。之所以存在相同的隐喻是因为人类有着共同的身体体验和生活经验。与此同时,中英文化中也存在着不同的人际关系隐喻,如：英语中人际关系是契约,汉语中人际关系是农产品等,这是因为中英文化中存在不同的文化经历及文化模式,隐喻反映了特定语言社团的文化积累。此外,生产方式、宗教信仰的不同,经济模式及地理方面的差异,以及哲学思想的不同也是隐喻产生差异的重要原因。对中英文“人际关系”的隐喻进行对比研究可以为隐喻研究提供新的视角,有助于我们进一步了解隐喻与文化及思维的关系。此外,正确理解和恰当使用人际关系隐喻也有利于提高跨文化交际能力。
[Abstract]:The traditional rhetoric view only regards metaphor as a rhetorical figure. As the scope of rhetoric research, it is considered to be decorative in nature, and its research is limited to rhetoric and literature. The main theories of the traditional rhetoric period are contrastive. Substitution theory and interaction theory all regard metaphor as a rhetorical phenomenon, as a substitute between words and expressions, as an indispensable tool to increase the ability of language expression. However, with the rise and development of cognitive linguistics, Metaphor is regarded not only as a rhetorical tool but also as an important cognitive tool and a mode of thinking. Lakoff and Johnson believe that metaphor is common in people's daily life. Not only in language but also in human thought and action, the daily conceptual system by which we think and act is metaphorical in nature. The essence of metaphor is to understand and experience a certain kind of thing through another kind of thing. Interpersonal relationship usually refers to a kind of social relationship between people in the process of production and life. It is also called interpersonal relationship, including family relationship, friend relationship, learning friend relationship, teacher-student relationship, hiring relationship. People usually use "good", "bad", "average" to describe interpersonal relationships, but interpersonal relationships are a relatively abstract concept. In fact, it is difficult to express the concept of interpersonal relationship accurately without metaphor. In order to describe the concept of "interpersonal relationship" more accurately and vividly, people often consciously or unconsciously use more specific things to concretize it. Categorization and conceptualization are metaphorical. The linguistic expressions of interpersonal relationships are endless, but they are derived from a few basic conceptual metaphors. This paper makes a contrastive study of interpersonal metaphor in English and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Then it supports the modern cognitive theory of metaphor from the perspective of English and Chinese cultures. On the basis of conceptual metaphor, this paper makes a cross-cultural study of interpersonal metaphor in English and Chinese. The purpose is to find out the relationship between metaphor and language and cultural patterns. Through the analysis of a large number of Chinese and English data, we find that there are many common conceptual metaphors in Chinese and English culture, such as: interpersonal relationships are architecture, interpersonal relationships are plants. Interpersonal relationships are weather and so on. The same metaphor exists because human beings have common body experience and life experience. At the same time, there are different interpersonal metaphors in Chinese and British culture, such as: interpersonal relationship is contract in English. Interpersonal relationships in Chinese are agricultural products, which is due to the existence of different cultural experiences and cultural patterns in Chinese and English cultures. Metaphor reflects the cultural accumulation of specific linguistic communities. Differences in economic patterns and geography, as well as in philosophical ideas, are also important reasons for the differences in metaphor. A comparative study of metaphors in Chinese and English "interpersonal relationships" can provide a new perspective for metaphor research and help us understand the relationship between metaphor and culture and thinking. The correct understanding and proper use of interpersonal metaphor are also beneficial to the improvement of intercultural communicative competence.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H315

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