英汉名词性领属结构的对比分析

发布时间：2018-03-18 19:49

本文选题：名词性领属结构　切入点：英汉对比　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：领属范畴，历来是语言学者颇为关注的语法形式之一。“领属”之所以受到学者们的关注，不仅因为它作为一种普遍的方式存在于人类社会生活和语言中，更因为它在任何语言的语法系统中，既具有自身独特的特点，同时又对其他语法形式产生深刻影响。既然领属结构在每种语言的语法系统中都存在，那么它们之间是否存在一定的关联性？如果存在，这些关联性则是我们了解和学习其他语言的桥梁。本文在对前人研究资料进行梳理的同时，发现诸多从事领属结构研究的学者都认为英语和汉语的领属结构之间存在一定的对应性，但是又不完全对等。然而，仍有一些问题尚未得到具体阐释，如：英语和汉语的领属结构之间的对应性表现在哪，又有哪些方面不完全对等？于是本文分别从语法、语义和语用三个大的方面进行了详细的对比分析，希望能够从中找出它们之间的关联性，并通过这种关联性分析两种语言在名词性领属结构方面的个性，以期对第二语言学习、教学以及汉外翻译提供参考。首先，我们介绍了英语和汉语的名词性领属结构的几种表现形式，即“N1’S+N2”、“N2+of+N1”、“N1+的+N2”，和一种比较特殊的形式，即“N1+N2”。我们分别从它们的构成成分和语序两个大的方面入手，分析了两者的共性和个性。其次，我们在分析上述几种表现形式的时候，发现领属关系只是它们所表达的关系中的一种，因此有必要提出相应的判定标准。本文综合了前人的相关研究提出了以下四个判定标准，它们分别是：指称标准、“的”字标记标准、句式变换方法以及用“什么”（what kindof）和“谁”（whose）提问的方法。虽然有的标准存在一定的局限性，但是通过上述四种方法，，还是能够比较准确的判定出一个结构是否是领属结构。再次，在研究中我们发现英语和汉语的领属结构都存在歧义现象，本文对此做了分析，并对两种语言在消除歧义时使用的手段进行了对比。第四，我们对新闻报纸和不同时期的经典名著进行了数据统计，考察了名词性领属结构的使用情况。对英语和汉语的名词性领属结构的篇章分布情况进行了调查，发现两者在数量和篇章分布上都有所区别。最后，本文对中国学生和在华留学生分别进行了问卷调查，在调查中我们发现中国学生学习英语和留学生学习汉语的时候，在名词性领属结构上会出现各种问题，比如：中国学生在翻译“受害者的勇气”时，更倾向于使用“the courage of victim”这种形式；留学生在学习汉语的时候经常会出现“我的爸爸的警服”这样“的”字累赘的错误，这都是因为对英汉名词性领属结构的认识不深造成的。这两份调查问卷反映的问题，也进一步表明本文的研究是非常有实用价值的。
[Abstract]:The category of leading genus has always been one of the grammatical forms that linguists have paid close attention to. It is not only because it exists as a universal way in human social life and language, but also because it has attracted the attention of scholars. Moreover, it has its own unique characteristics and profound influence on other grammatical forms in any language grammar system. Since the subordinate structure exists in the grammatical system of each language, is there a certain correlation between them? If they exist, they are a bridge for us to understand and learn other languages. It is found that many scholars engaged in the study of the genus structure in English and Chinese believe that there is a certain correspondence between the structure of the genus in English and Chinese, but it is not completely equivalent. However, there are still some problems that have not yet been specifically explained. For example, where is the correspondence between the English and Chinese subordinate structures, and what aspects are not completely equivalent? Therefore, this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis from three major aspects of grammar, semantics and pragmatics, hoping to find out the relevance between them, and to analyze the personality of the two languages in the nominally subordinate structure through this kind of correlation. In order to provide reference for second language learning, teaching and translation. First of all, we introduce several forms of nominal genus structure in English and Chinese, namely, "N1SN2", "N2 of N1", "N1 of N2", and a relatively special form, "N1 N2". We start with their composition and word order, respectively. The commonness and individuality of both are analyzed. Secondly, when we analyze the above several forms of expression, we find that the collar relationship is only one of the relationships they express. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward the corresponding criteria. This paper synthesizes the previous studies and puts forward the following four criteria: the reference standard, "the" word mark standard, The method of sentence transformation and the method of asking questions by "what" what kindof) and "who" whose.Although there are some limitations in some standards, the above four methods can be used to determine accurately whether a structure is a subordinate structure or not. Thirdly, we find that there is ambiguity in the subordinate structure of English and Chinese. This paper makes an analysis of this phenomenon and compares the means used by the two languages in the process of disambiguation. In 4th, we conducted statistics on newspapers and classic masterpieces of different periods, examined the use of nominal generic structures, and investigated the textual distribution of nominal generic structures in English and Chinese. It is found that both of them are different in quantity and text distribution. Finally, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on Chinese students and foreign students in China. In the survey, we find that when Chinese students learn English and foreign students learn Chinese, there will be various problems in the nominally subordinate structure. For example, Chinese students tend to use the form of "the courage of victim" when translating "victim's courage"; when studying Chinese, foreign students often make cumbersome mistakes in the word "my father's police uniform". This is due to the lack of understanding of English and Chinese nominal generic structures. The problems reflected in these two questionnaires further show that the study in this paper is of great practical value.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3;H319.3

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