现代汉语连词“X而”与“而X”的词汇化问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 05:01

本文选题：连词　切入点：“X而”　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语中,“而”作为连词主要用在它所连接的前后项之间,但现代汉语中的“从而、继而”等“X而”类词和“而后、而况”等“而X”类词中的“而”已不再起连接作用,只是作为双音节词的一个构成要素,且与其前或后的构词要素“X”之间的关系也与现代汉语的构词法不一致,这两类词是汉语发展过程中跨层结构词汇化的结果。 “而后、继而”是现代汉语中表示承接关系的两个连词。“而后”经历了如下的词汇化过程：连动结构“VP1+而+后”→连动结构“[先/前+NP1]+而+[后+NP2]”→“而+后+VP”；并且从先秦起“而·后+主谓短语”结构不断演变,“而”与“后”逐渐凝固,在两汉时期演化为连词“而后”。“继而”的演化路径大致如下：连动结构“继N而VP2”→代词回指的跨层结构“继之/此+而+VP2”→宾语空位的“继·而+VP2”,“继”和“而”线性相邻共现,在宋代“继而”凝固成词,用于连接前后语句。转折连词“然而”的形成与汉语发展过程中“然+而+VP1(者)+VP2也”、“然+而+VP”、“然·而+主谓短语”、“虽/X则X矣……然而”等四种结构的运用密切相关。因果关系连词“从而、因而”中“从而”经历了如下的词汇化过程：跨层结构“从N而VP：”→宾语脱落的“从·而+VP2”,至唐宋时期“从而”初步凝固成词并一直延续至元明清时期；“因而”则经历了如下的发展过程：连动结构“因N而VP2”→代词回指的跨层结构“因之/此+而+VP2”→宾语空位的“因·而+VP2”,在这样的语言环境中,“因”和“而”线性相邻共现至两汉时期凝固成词。的连词“而况、进而”在现代汉语中主要表示递进关系。通过考察,汉语史上“而况”主要与语气词“乎”配合构成“而况……乎”结构,内部关系是“而+况……乎”,其后“而况”逐渐摆脱与之配合的语气词,单独起语法作用,经过重新分析,在魏晋南北朝时期,“而况”逐渐固化,到唐代完成该词的词汇化过程。“进而”的形成则源于先秦时期的跨层结构“进+而”,随着“进”词义的演变,“进+而”在明清时期凝固成副词“进而”,进一步演变为连词则发生在近现代时期。 “X而”和“而X”类连词的演变过程及成词时间各异,但都源于跨层结构的词汇化。“而”与“X”的紧邻共现、重新分析、汉语词的双音化趋势以及“X而”和“而X”的出现位置等是连词“X而”和“而X”词汇化的主要动因。
[Abstract]:In Chinese, "and" as a conjunction is mainly used between the items before and after it is connected, but in modern Chinese, "so, then" and so on "X" and "then," and "condition" and "X" no longer play a connecting role. As a constituent element of dicyllabic words, the relationship between X and its former or subsequent word-formation elements is also inconsistent with modern Chinese word-formation. These two kinds of words are the result of cross-layer structure lexicalization in the process of Chinese development. "then, then" is two conjunctions in modern Chinese that denote the relationship of undertaking. "Huihe" has gone through the following lexicalization process: the conjunctive structure "VP1 but later" 鈫扖ontiguous structure "[first / front NP1] and [later NP2]" 鈫扐nd from the pre-Qin period "and the post-subject-predicate phrase" "structure constantly evolving," and "after" solidified gradually, in the Han Dynasty into the conjunctions "then". The evolution path of "then" is as follows: continuous structure "followed by N and VP2" 鈫扵he anaphora of the pronoun refers to the cross-layer structure "followed by / this VP2" 鈫扵he "succession 路and VP2", "succession" and "linear contiguous co-occurrence" of the empty object in the Song Dynasty were then solidified into words. Used of sentences before and after linking. The formation of the turning conjunction "however" and the use of four structures in the process of Chinese development, such as "natural and VP1 VP2", "natural and VP", "ran 路but subject-predicate phrase", "although / X is X", "however", etc. Closely related... Causal conjunctions "thus, Thus, the "middle" thus goes through the following lexicalization process: the cross-layer structure "from N to VP:" 鈫扵he "from 路and VP2" to the Tang and Song dynasties "so that" the initial solidification into words and continued to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, "thus" went through the following development process: continuous structure "because of N and VP2" 鈫扵he anaphora of the pronoun "VP2" 鈫扞n such a linguistic environment, "cause" and "because" and "linear conjunctions co-occur" to solidify the conjunctions of words during the Han Dynasty, and then "in modern Chinese, it mainly means progressive relations." In the history of Chinese language, the relationship between the motif and the motif is mainly related to the construction of the motif and the structure, the internal relation is the structure of the motif and the internal relation is the relationship between the motif and the motif, and the latter gradually gets rid of the motif and plays a grammatical role, and after reanalysis, In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the "situation" gradually solidified, By the Tang Dynasty, the lexicalization of the word was completed. The formation of "further" originated from the cross-layer structure of the pre-Qin period. With the evolution of the meaning of "Jin", the word "Jin" solidified into an adverb "further" in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Turning into conjunctions took place in modern times. The evolution and time of formation of "X" and "X" conjunctions are different, but they all come from the lexicalization of cross-layer structure. The disyllabic tendency of Chinese words and the position of "X" and "X" are the main reasons for the lexicalization of conjunctions "X" and "X".
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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