《型世言》同素逆序词研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 11:10

本文选题：《型世言》　切入点：同素逆序词　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以明末话本小说《型世言》中的同素逆序词为研究对象,认为所谓同素逆序词,即语素相同而排列次序颠倒互逆的一类词。“同素”是指构词语素相同。吕叔湘先生曾经指出,“一个语素可以有几个意思,只要这几个意思联得上,仍然是一个语素”,为我们判别语素的异同提供了借鉴；“逆序”主要是指语素与语素之间排列次序颠倒互逆,不包括语素内部次序的颠倒。而“词”则排除了短语、单纯词,实指合成词。据统计,《型世言》中共有87组AB-BA式同素逆序词及63个BA式同素逆序词。这两大类同素逆序词都是双音节形式,都以动词、名词为主,并且大多是并列式结构。从意义、用法的角度看,87组AB-BA式同素逆序词中意义用法完全相同的共有42组,约占48.3%。意义用法同中有异的共有40组,约占44.9%,其中意义相同、用法同中有异的有10组,用法相同、意义同中有异的有14组,其余16组则在意义、用法方面都既有相同之处,又有不同之处。此外,另有五组AB—BA式同素逆序词则意义或用法完全不同。从历时的角度看,由于语音、意义等语言内部因素与外部社会因素的综合作用,87组AB-BA式同素逆序词在现代汉语中的存亡状况可分为两序并存、一存-亡和两序并亡三种类型。总体来看,这87组174个词语在现代汉语中保存的多,消亡的少,共105个词流传至今,且意义用法与现代汉语相比基本变化不大。另外,对于《型世言》中的63个BA式同素逆序词,我们也从意义、用法的角度将其与现代汉语中相应的词语进行了对比分析,分为与现代汉语完全相同、同中有异、完全不同三种类型。《型世言》中半数左右的BA式同素逆序词与现代汉语中相应的词语意义用法完全相同。文章最后对《型世言》中的一些三音节、四音节词语的同素逆序现象进行了讨论,并注意到有些同素逆序词在语音上呈现出或双声或叠韵、或旁转或对转的特点,认为这种读音上辗转联绵的特点为两个语素组合成词时顺序的颠倒互逆提供了便利。此外,文章还指出,结合同素逆序词的整个历史使用过程来看,大多数同素逆序词在意义上都是同中有异、相互融合的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the author takes the word of the inverse order of the same element in the novel of the late Ming Dynasty as the research object, and thinks that the so-called word of the reverse order of the same element is called "the word of the same element". That is, a class of words whose morphemes are the same and whose order is reversed and inverse. "the same morpheme" refers to the same morpheme of the word formation. Mr. Lv Shuxiang once pointed out, "A morpheme can have several meanings, as long as these meanings are combined," It is still a morpheme ", which provides a reference for us to judge the similarities and differences of morpheme." inverse order "mainly refers to the reverse order between morpheme and morpheme, not including the reversal of internal order of morpheme, while" word "excludes phrases and simple words. According to statistics, there are 87 groups of AB-BA type and 63 BA type converse words. Both of them are disyllabic, mainly verbs and nouns, and most of them are juxtaposition structures. From the point of view of meaning and usage, there are 42 groups in which the meaning of the AB-BA type is exactly the same, accounting for 48.3%. There are 40 groups (44.9%) of the same meaning and usage, among which 10 groups have the same meaning, and 10 groups have different usage. There are 14 groups with the same usage, 14 groups with the same meaning, and the other 16 groups with the same meaning and different usages. In addition, there are five groups of AB-BA word with the same morpheme in reverse order which have different meanings or usage. From a diachronic point of view, due to the combined effects of internal and external social factors, such as pronunciation, meaning, etc., the existence and death of 87 groups of AB-BA homonyms in modern Chinese can be divided into two orders. As a whole, these 87 groups of 174 words are preserved more and die out less in modern Chinese. A total of 105 words have been passed down to this day, and the usage of meaning has not changed much compared with modern Chinese. In addition, we also compare the 63 BA word with corresponding words in modern Chinese from the point of view of meaning and usage, and divide them into the same word with modern Chinese, the same and different from the modern Chinese. There are three different types. About half of the BA word with the same morpheme order is exactly the same as the corresponding word meaning in modern Chinese. At the end of this paper, the phenomenon of three syllables and four syllable words in reverse order is discussed, and it is noted that some of them have the characteristics of double sound or repetition rhyme, side turn or opposite turn in pronunciation. It is considered that the characteristics of tossing and turning on the pronunciation of two morphemes make it convenient to reverse and reverse the order when two morphemes are combined into words. In addition, the paper also points out that the whole history of the use of the word with the same morpheme in inverse order can be seen from the point of view of the whole history. Most of the inverse word of the same morpheme is different in meaning and intermingled with each other.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H134

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