汉语特殊比较标记“尤其（是）”的功能研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 13:35

本文选题：尤其(是)　切入点：比较　出处：《华东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“尤其(是)”是汉语重要的虚词。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,将“尤其(是)”定位为一类特殊的比较标记,并借鉴比较范畴、构式语法、原型范畴、词汇化与语法化等理论,采用共时与历时相结合、描写与解释相结合、语料收集与数据统计相结合等方法,对其功能进行全面深入探讨。全文共分五章：第一章绪论。介绍学界关于“尤其(是)”在词性、语义语用、语法化等方面的研究成果。指出已有研究在“尤其(是)”的语义基础、构式分布、历时形成动因等研究方面的不足。最后介绍本文的研究思路方法及语料来源。第二章作为特殊比较标记的“尤其(是)”。从比较对象的数量、比较结果的异同、比较标记的数量、比较标记的位置等角度,可将汉语的比较范畴分为平比、差比和极比。“尤其(是)”的基本语义是表示质同量异的极比,即比较客体和比较主体的性质一致,量上存在高低。不论单用还是与其他比较标记共现,“尤其(是)”的句法位置都以在比较主体前出现为常。语言类型学将比较标记分成两类：一是在比较基准前的基准标记,一类是在比较结果前的属性标记。汉语的“尤其(是)”是一种不同于这两类的特殊比较标记——比较主体前的主体标记。第三章“尤其(是)”句的构式语义分析。“尤其(是)”所在的句子可统括为一个认知构式,其典型的构式义为“集合中成员质同量异,且极端成员的量最大”。构式C由比较客体、“尤其(是)”、比较主体三部分构成。其构式根据典型度高低可分为三级：典型构式是显性复合构式;次典型构式是隐性复合构式；不典型构式是简单构式。第四章比较标记“尤其(是)”的历时发展。“尤其”的词汇化始于唐代,宋元明进一步发展,清代基本完成。其词汇化的条件是“其”的语义虚化导致的重新分析。“尤其”还同时发生了功能转变即语法化过程。清代的属性标记“尤其”,可与基准标记“比”共现,这一用法在现代汉语中已消亡。至于“尤其”作为主体标记的用法,在清代就已初露端倪。第五章结语。总结全文的研究价值,指出研究的不足和下一步的研究课题。
[Abstract]:"especially (is)" is an important function word in Chinese. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper defines "especially (especially)" as a kind of special comparative marker, and draws lessons from the category of comparison, construction grammar and prototype category. The functions of lexicalization and grammaticalization are discussed comprehensively and deeply by the methods of synchronic and diachronic, description and interpretation, and data collection and statistics. The first chapter is introduction. It introduces the research results of "especially" in the aspects of part of speech, semantic pragmatics, grammaticalization and so on. It points out that the semantic basis and construction distribution of "especially" has been studied. Finally, this paper introduces the research methods and data sources. The second chapter is "especially" as a special comparative marker. From the angles of the number of comparative objects, the similarities and differences of the results, the number of comparative markers and the position of comparative markers, the comparative category of Chinese can be divided into equal comparison. Difference ratio and extreme ratio. The basic meaning of "especially (is)" is the extreme ratio which indicates the difference of quality and quantity, that is, the property of the comparative object and the comparative subject is the same. The syntactic position of "especially" always appears in front of the comparator. Linguistic typology divides the comparative marker into two categories: one is the reference marker before the baseline. In Chinese, "especially" is a special comparison marker different from these two kinds-the subject mark before the comparative subject. The third chapter "especially (is)" sentence construction semantic analysis. "especially (is)" sentence can be contained in a cognitive construction, its typical construction meaning is "in the set member qualitative quantity difference," Construction C consists of three parts: comparative object, especially, and comparative subject. The construction can be divided into three levels according to the degree of typicality: the typical construction is a dominant compound construction, the sub-typical construction is a recessive compound construction, and the subtypical construction is a recessive compound construction. An atypical construction is a simple construction. The fourth chapter compares the diachronic development of "especially". The lexicalization of "special" began in the Tang Dynasty and further developed in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. The condition of its lexicalization is the reanalysis caused by the semantic deficiency of "it". "especially" has also taken place at the same time in the process of grammaticalization. This usage has died out in modern Chinese. As for the use of "especially" as a subject mark, it has already begun to appear in Qing Dynasty. The fifth chapter summarizes the research value of the full text, points out the shortcomings of the research and the next research topic.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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