汉英动物“群”量词的范畴化对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 05:01

本文选题：汉英对比研究　切入点：范畴化　出处：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语语法体系中量词是一个独立的词类,总体而言,汉语量词具有以下特征：数量大、种类多、专用性强、情态丰富、用法灵活。英语中没有量词这一单独的词类,但是存在一定的表量结构,其数量、种类、灵活性上与汉语量词呈现相反的特征。而对于动物集体量词来说,汉英量词表现出与各自总体特点相悖的趋势。汉语动物集体量词总量甚少,一般使用量词“群”来表达动物的集体概念,其指称范畴能够扩大到所有动物,但通用性强而精确度较低,且情态上一直保持中性色彩,这与汉语量词总体特征相悖。而“群”的英语对应词则呈反向趋势,其特征是数量多、用法灵活、情态丰富,针对动物的种类和特点而使用与其相匹配的群体量词。汉英动物群体量词具有很大的不同之处,但是学界对这一问题的深入研究却一直很少。范畴化、原型理论是认知语言学的主要内容之一。范畴是围绕原型为认知参照点,不断向外扩展的范畴化结果,对范畴的划分实际上是人类认识客观世界的基础。同理,量词的划分反应了语言‘的范畴化特征,是人类对事物进行认识的表现之一,而动物群体量词的划分则是对动物群体这一事物认知并进行归类的结果。量词的研究一直是认知语言学范畴化理论的研究重点对象之一,因此,动物群体量词可以成为范畴化理论的研究对象。此外,原型范畴化理论在语言分析中应用广泛,其原则与方法对汉英量词研究起着指导作用,能够促进量词研究。有鉴于此,本文以认知主义的原型范畴化理论和方法为基础,分析汉语动物群体量词的范畴化过程,探讨汉英两种语言中对群体量词的范畴划分的理据,并对此进行对比和研究,找出汉英两种语言对动物群体量词划分及认知的规律。基于以上分析,本文共分为5章,第一章“导论”简要介绍本文的研究背景,意义和论文框架结构。第二章“文献综述”部分回顾了汉英量词与表量结构,以及汉语群体量词的前期研究。第三章“理论基础”部分,回顾了语言的范畴化理论和方法及范畴化理论的应用、研究视角和研究路径,进而论证了以原型范畴理论为基础探讨汉英语动物群体量词的可行性。第四章详述汉英语动物群体量词的“群”的范畴化过程。本章首先分析了汉语量词“群”的范畴如何从原型成员扩展到边缘成员的范畴化过程；然后分析英语中,“群”的对应量词是如何进行范畴划分的；最后,对比汉英动物群体量词的特点。第五章,总结全文主要的创新点和不足之处,并为今后的研究指明了方向。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is an independent part of speech in Chinese grammar system. In general, Chinese classifier has the following characteristics: large quantity, variety, specificity, rich modality and flexible usage.There is no classifier as a separate part of speech in English, but there is a certain structure of quantification, and its quantity, type and flexibility are opposite to those of Chinese classifier.For collective animal quantifiers, Chinese and English classifiers show a trend contrary to their general characteristics.The total amount of Chinese animal collective quantifiers is very small. The quantifier "group" is generally used to express the collective concept of animals. Its reference category can be extended to all animals, but it has strong generality, low accuracy, and always maintains neutral color in modality.This is contrary to the general characteristics of Chinese classifiers.On the other hand, the English equivalents of "group" show a reverse trend, which is characterized by large quantity, flexible usage, rich modality, and the use of group quantifiers corresponding to the species and characteristics of animals.There are great differences between Chinese and English animal group quantifiers, but there has been little in-depth research on this issue in academic circles.Categorization, prototype theory is one of the main contents of cognitive linguistics.Category is the result of constantly expanding outwards around the prototype as the cognitive reference point. The classification of categories is actually the basis of human understanding of the objective world.Similarly, the classification of quantifiers reflects the categorization of language', which is one of the manifestations of human cognition of things, while the classification of classifiers of animal groups is the result of cognition and classification of animal groups.The study of classifiers has always been one of the important objects in the research of categorization theory of cognitive linguistics, therefore, animal group quantifiers can become the research object of categorization theory.In addition, prototype categorization theory is widely used in language analysis, its principles and methods play a guiding role in the study of Chinese and English classifiers, and can promote the research of classifiers.In view of this, based on the prototype categorization theory and method of cognitivism, this paper analyzes the categorization process of Chinese animal population classifiers, and probes into the rationale of categorization of group classifiers in both Chinese and English.Through the comparison and study, we find out the rules of classifying and recognizing the quantifiers of animal population in Chinese and English.Based on the above analysis, this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter "introduction" briefly introduces the research background, significance and structure of the paper.The second chapter "Literature Review" reviews the Chinese and English quantifiers and the structure of quantifiers, as well as the Chinese group classifiers.The third chapter, "theoretical basis", reviews the categorization theory and methods of language, the application of categorization theory, the research perspective and the research path, and further demonstrates the feasibility of exploring the quantifiers of Chinese and English animal groups based on the prototype category theory.Chapter four describes the categorization process of Chinese-English animal group quantifiers.Contrast the characteristics of Chinese and English animal group quantifiers.The fifth chapter summarizes the main innovations and shortcomings of the paper, and points out the direction for future research.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H314

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