文化语言学视角下非礼貌用语表达礼貌含义研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 05:10

本文选题：非礼貌用语 + 礼貌　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：言语交际中的礼貌行为是语用学界关注的焦点。最近几年，国内外许多语言学界的学者分别从不同角度对礼貌用语进行了阐释。他们主要关注的是常见的典型礼貌用语。有些学者关注礼貌用语的语言特点，有些学者关注礼貌用语的发展状况，还有一些学者关注礼貌用语在不同语境中的应用特点。本文旨在从文化语言学视角研究非礼貌用语（非典型礼貌用语）是如何用来表达礼貌含义的。本文会应用到Gazdar的会话含义取消程序以及一些礼貌原则。文化（如风俗习惯，宗教等）被视为一个影响看似不礼貌和中性话语在不同语境中用来表达礼貌含义的主要因素。文中提出了三个研究问题：（1）在什么样的语境下，交际者会选择不使用礼貌用语来表达礼貌含义？（2）在这样的语境下存在着哪些特殊的文化因素？（3）为什么在这样的文化背景下，交际者会选择不使用礼貌用语来表达礼貌含义？三个问题对应的假设如下：（1）当交际者在非正式场合（如：在家里的餐桌上、朋友聚会、家人或朋友之间的非正式交谈等等）时，趋向于不使用礼貌用语来表达礼貌含义。（2）该语言所属的文化（如风俗习惯，宗教等）对这种现象产生了极大的影响。因此在某种文化中被认为是不礼貌的话语并不一定在另一种文化中也被认为是不礼貌的。（3）这种不礼貌的和中性的话语可以用来表达礼貌含义，并且与常用的礼貌用语相比，能够产生更好的语用效应。本文主要使用了定性分析法中的话语分析法，从文化语言学的视角来分析非礼貌言语行为在中美两种不同的文化中是如何用来表达礼貌含义的，从而进一步总结出该种语言现象在中美两种不同文化中的特点。文中所涉及到的数据来源于小说和电视剧剧本，既包括汉语数据也包括美式英语数据。所选的大部分数据是用来分析的，还有一小部分数据是用来进行对比的。所选的中文数据采取了意译的方式被翻译成了对应的英文。本文的研究结果可以帮助读者对非礼貌用语表达礼貌含义这种语言现象有一个更深入的了解。文化是产生这种现象的决定性因素。Gazdar的会话含义取消程序可以用来限定不同文化背景下的会话含义。礼貌的定义不是一成不变的，而是在不断变化的。
[Abstract]:Politeness in verbal communication is the focus of pragmatics.In recent years, many linguists at home and abroad have interpreted politeness from different angles.Their main concern is common and typical politeness.Some scholars pay attention to the linguistic characteristics of politeness, some to the development of politeness, and some to the application of politeness in different contexts.The purpose of this paper is to study how non-politeness (atypical politeness) is used to express the meaning of politeness from the perspective of cultural linguistics.This article applies to Gazdar's conversational implicature cancellations and some politeness principles.Culture (such as customs, religion, etc.) is regarded as a major factor that influences the seemingly impolite and neutral discourse used to express the meaning of politeness in different contexts.In this paper, three research questions are put forward: (1) in what context, the communicator chooses not to use politeness language to express the meaning of politeness? (2) what special cultural factors exist in such a context) why is it in such a cultural context?Do communicators choose not to use politeness to express politeness?The assumption for the three questions is as follows: 1) when the communicator is in an informal setting (E. g., at the dinner table at home, a friend party, an informal conversation between family or friends, etc.),It tends not to use politeness terms to express politeness meaning.) the culture of the language (such as customs, religion, etc.) has a great influence on this phenomenon.Therefore, words considered to be impolite in one culture may not necessarily be considered impolite in another.) this kind of impolite and neutral utterance can be used to express politeness meaning, and compared with common politeness terms.It can produce better pragmatic effect.This paper mainly uses the discourse analysis method of qualitative analysis to analyze how impolite speech acts are used to express politeness meaning in two different cultures of China and America from the perspective of cultural linguistics.The characteristics of the language phenomenon in the two different cultures of China and the United States are further summarized.The data involved are from novels and TV plays, including both Chinese and American English.Most of the selected data are used for analysis, and a small portion is used for comparison.The selected Chinese data is translated into the corresponding English in the form of free translation.The results of this study can help readers to understand the phenomenon of impolite expressions of politeness.Culture is the decisive factor of this phenomenon. Gazdar's conversational implicature cancellation procedure can be used to define the conversational implicature in different cultural contexts.The definition of politeness is not inflexible, but changing.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

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