溆浦乡话疑问句研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 05:18

本文选题：溆浦乡话 + 疑问句　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：乡话作为一种濒危方言及未明系属方言,在方言学界已经引起了学者们的重点关注和研究。本文主要以溆浦乡话疑问句为研究对象,通过田野实地调查获取研究的语料资源,借鉴当前现代汉语普通话的相关研究成果,从句法、语义、语用方面观照溆浦乡话疑问句,对溆浦乡话疑问句的表达手段和句子类型展开共时描写,并将其与普通话疑问句进行共时比较,同时,对溆浦乡话及周边的溆浦蛤蟆腔和西南官话也予以对比,从而呈现溆浦乡话疑问句自身的特点。溆浦乡话具有语音、词汇和句法三种疑问手段,存在特指问、是非问、选择问和正反问四种句子类型。通过与普通话、溆浦蛤蟆腔、溆浦西南官话相比可知：表达手段方面,溆浦乡话、普通话、溆浦蛤蟆腔以及溆浦西南官话,都可以单纯使用语音手段来表达有疑而问的信息。溆浦乡话的疑问语气词比普通话多了一倍。“啊”较之普通话,用在“是非问”中,还可以对应于普通话中“吗”的用法,疑问语气更加强烈,疑问程度也更高。“呢”较之普通话,还能出现在“是非问”中。“吗、呢、啊、口沙、咯、哦”为溆浦乡话、蛤蟆腔、西南官话所共有,而“哇”为溆浦乡话所独有,“V”为溆浦蛤蟆腔所独有,“嗒”为溆浦西南官话所独有,溆浦乡话还有疑问语气词连用的现象“咯哦”,蛤蟆腔的“呢”则不能用于“是非问”。溆浦乡话疑问代词可划分为“问人、问事物、问处所、问时间、问数量、问情况、问方式、问原因、问程度”九种小类。只有询问数量的“几”与普通话一致,其他的则不相同,但总体来说,都能形成对应格式。溆浦乡话的疑问代词较之溆浦蛤蟆腔和西南官话来说,多了“问情况”的疑问代词,而“问数量”的“几”、“问程度”的“好”、“问时间”的“好久”在三种方言之间存在着高度的统一性。句子类型方面,它们的“特指问”依靠“疑问代词”,“是非问”依靠“句末语气词”,“选择问”依靠“表示选择关系的关联词语”,“正反问”依靠“肯定与否定形式的共现”来传递疑问信息。区别在于：溆浦乡话因语气词“啊”的使用而出现了独有的选择问格式；溆浦乡话的正反问完成态和经验态的否定格式“有不有”,对应的普通话、蛤蟆腔、西南官话则用否定副词“没”,形成“有没有”格式；溆浦乡话里的“不已”和“罔”用在句末,相当于普通话的“没有”的用法,这也是有别于其他方言的。
[Abstract]:As an endangered dialect and an unknown dialect, local dialect has attracted the attention and research of scholars in the field of dialects.This paper mainly takes Xupu dialect interrogative sentence as the research object, obtains the research corpus resources through the field investigation, draws lessons from the present modern Chinese Putonghua related research achievement, from the syntax, the semantic, the pragmatics aspect view Xupu local dialect interrogative sentence, the article studies the Xupu dialect interrogative sentence from the syntax, the semantic, the pragmatics aspect.The synchronic description of the expressions and sentence types of Xupu dialect interrogative sentences is carried out, and the synchronic comparison between Xupu dialect and Putonghua interrogative sentences is made. At the same time, the Xupu dialect and its surrounding Xupu toad cavity are also compared with the Southwest Mandarin dialect.Thus presents the Xupu dialect interrogative sentence itself characteristics.Xupu dialect has three kinds of interrogative means: phonetic, lexical and syntactic. There are four sentence types: specific question, right and wrong question, choice question and positive and negative question.By comparing with Putonghua, Xupu toad cavity and Xupu Southwest Mandarin, we can know:In terms of means of expression, Xupu dialect, Putonghua, Xupu toad cavity and Xupu Southwest Mandarin can all express suspicious and asked information only by phonetic means.Xupu dialect has twice as many interrogative mood words as Putonghua.Ah "ah", compared with Putonghua, can also correspond to the use of "do" in Putonghua, the tone of doubt is stronger and the degree of doubt is higher.Compared with Putonghua, it can also appear in right-to-wrong question."what, ah, mouth sand, oh," Xupu, toad, southwest Mandarin common, "wow" is unique to Xupu, "V" Xupu toad unique, "Ta" Xupu southwest Mandarin unique,Xupu dialect also has the phenomenon of using interrogative mood words, but toad's tune can't be used as "right-to-right question".The interrogative pronouns in Xupu dialect can be divided into nine subcategories: "ask people, ask things, ask places, ask time, ask quantity, ask the situation, ask the way, ask the reason, ask the degree".Only the number of quizzes are consistent with Mandarin, the others are different, but in general, they form the corresponding format.The interrogative pronouns in Xupu dialect are more than those in Xupu toad and Southwest Mandarin, but the number of quizzes and the degree of inquiry are good.There is a high degree of unity among the three dialects in asking time for a long time.In terms of sentence types, their "specific questions" rely on "interrogative pronouns", "right and wrong questions" rely on "final modal words", and "choice questions" rely on "associative words" indicating the relationship of choice.Positive and negative questions rely on the co-occurrence of positive and negative forms to convey interrogative information.The difference lies in: Xupu dialect has a unique selective format because of the use of the mood word "ah"; the negative format of positive and negative questioning and empirical state of Xupu dialect is "there is no", corresponding Putonghua, toad cavity,The southwest Mandarin uses the negative adverb "no" to form the "whether or not" format; the Xupu dialect uses the words "unceasing" and "brother" at the end of the sentence, which is equivalent to the usage of "no" in Putonghua, which is different from other dialects.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H17

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