词缀少但语缀多——汉语语法特点的重新概括

发布时间：2018-04-17 13:43

本文选题：汉语语法特点 + 词缀　；参考：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2012年02期

【摘要】：汉语语法究竟有哪些特点?语法学家一直在苦苦探索,并曾提出过多种看法,其中朱德熙的观点影响最深最远。朱德熙认为攸关全局的汉语语法特点有两条:一是汉语词类跟句法成分之间不存在简单的一一对应关系;二是汉语句子的构造原则跟词组的构造原则基本上一致。本文指出,近年来汉语语法研究所揭示出来的许多重要现象是上述两大特点所无法涵盖的,其中之一是,汉语的语缀比较丰富,因而在表达疑问范畴和焦点范畴时,就有了更多的句法选项。我们认为汉语语法的特点可以重新概括为"一多一少":语缀多,词缀少。这"一多一少"正是汉语语法系统的两个相互独立的,具有全局性影响的特点,二者不能相互推导。合在一起,它们从不同角度解释着现代汉语语法系统诸多方面的关键特点。
[Abstract]:What are the features of Chinese grammar?Grammar scientists have been struggling to explore, and have put forward a variety of views, including Zhu Dexi's views the deepest and furthest.Zhu Dexi holds that there are two characteristics of Chinese grammar that matter for the whole: one is that there is no simple one-to-one correspondence between Chinese parts of speech and syntactic components, and the other is that the principle of construction of Chinese sentences is basically consistent with the principle of construction of phrases.This paper points out that many important phenomena revealed by the Institute of Chinese Grammar in recent years cannot be covered by the above two characteristics, one of which is that Chinese affixes are quite abundant, so when expressing the category of doubt and focus category,There are more syntax options.We think that the features of Chinese grammar can be summarized as "more than less": more affixes and fewer affixes.This "more than less" is the independent and global influence of the Chinese grammar system, and the two cannot be deduced from each other.Together, they explain the key features of modern Chinese grammar system from different angles.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心;澳门大学中文系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“语法原则与汉语特殊句式”(2009JJD740011) 国家社会科学基金项目“句法功能特征的两大类型及现代汉语中相关的句法问题”(10BYY061)
【分类号】：H146

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