“小X一下”构式研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:00

本文选题：“小X一下” + 构式义　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来网络上流行着这样一种新型的口语表达式：“小X一下”(“X”可以为动词、形容词、名词),参考构式语法理论,我们可以称其为构式。本文欲在论证“小X一下”的构式原型、归纳其构式义、分析其构件特征的基础上进一步探讨该构式产生的机制和认知动因,最后比较分析该构式与其相近结构“X一下”的异同点。本文分绪论、主体、结语三部分展开。绪论部分主要阐述的是国内外相关研究现状、本文的选题目的和意义、本文研究的范围对象及理论方法等。主体部分包括第二章至第四章。第二章是本文的重点,这一章我们对构式“小X一下”作了较为全面的考察,揭示了该构式的构式原型,阐述了整个构式的构式义,还分析了该构式中变量构件“X”的特征。我们认为“小X一下”不是凭空产生的,它与“小X”和“X一下”有着密切的联系。“小X一下”具有独立于各构件的整体构式义,即“俏皮式的有意轻化”。从构式的组成部件来看,构式中的唯一变量是“X”,能进入“X”位置的可以是动词、形容词及少量名词。如果是动词,它们普遍都应具有[+可变]的语义特征,而且既可以是表达积极意义的动词,也可以是表达消极意义的动词；既可以是单音节,也可以是双音节。如果是形容词,首先,必须是性质形容词。其次,可进入构式的形容词词性呈现出“褒义词≈贬义词中性词”这样一个规律。如果是名词则需具有概念义以外的联想义,联想义越鲜明,接受度就越高。第三章在第二章的基础上,进一步论证了“小X一下”产生的机制和认知动因。该构式产生的机制包括截搭和类推,产生的认知动因包括思维的杂糅性、转喻和隐喻。截搭和类推在“小X一下”产生的两条路径中交叉作用。我们把构式“小X一下”分解为分构式“小V一下”及“小A/N一下”,路径1中先是相关结构“小V”和“V一下”截搭成“小V一下”,然后由已形成的分构式“小V一下”类推出分构式“小A/N一下”。路径2中先是由“小V”和“V一下”分别类推出“小A/N”和“A/N一下”,然后由已形成的相关结构“小A/N”和“A/N一下”截搭出分构式“小A/N一下”。认知思维的杂糅性以及一个概念可以指代另一个相关概念的转喻映射决定了构式演变过程中出现那些截搭的必然性；代表不同领域的“A/N”和“V”之间却有着相同的语义特征,符合隐喻映射的基本条件,也由此产生了构式演变过程中的类推现象。第四章主要从语义、语法、语用三个角度比较了“小X一下”与它相关结构“X一下”的异同。语义上,虽然主观减量是两个结构所共有的语义内涵,但两结构表达出来的主观减量的程度是不一样的。语法上我们主要比较的是“小X一下”与“X一下”的造句功能。它们有着十分相近的造句功能,都可以独立用做标题；也都能用于句子内部,做谓语或非谓语,且做谓语的情况多于非谓语。不同的是“小X一下”使用作标题的频率非常高,甚至超过它充当句子成分的角色。而“X一下”最大的角色则是被用作于句子的谓语成分,用作标题的情况并没有那么频繁。语用上我们主要比较的是它们的使用人群和适用语境。“小X一下”主要适用于年轻女性,但网络平台中,使用的男性人群也越来越多了,而且一般用于非正式的场合,话题通常比较亲切、轻松或随意。而“X一下”并没有年龄和性别的倾向,适用的语境没有特别的针对性,很宽泛。最后一章为结论,总结了“小X一下”构式研究所得的结论,提出了本文写作的不足和有待进一步研究的课题。
[Abstract]:In recent years , a new type of oral expression is popular in the network : " A little X " ( " X " can be a verb , an adjective , a noun ) , a reference structure grammar theory , we can call it a structure formula . In this paper , we want to discuss the mechanism and the cognitive motivation of the structure based on the constitutive prototype of " Xiao X " , and finally compare the similarities and differences between the structure and its close structure " X " .

The introduction part mainly expounds the present situation of relevant research at home and abroad , the purpose and significance of this paper , the scope object and the theory method of this paper .

The main part includes chapters II to IV .

The second chapter is the focus of this paper . This chapter makes a more comprehensive study on the structure - type " little X " , and reveals the constitutive model of the whole structure . It also analyzes the feature of the variable component " X " in the structure .
If it is an adjective , first , it must be a character adjective . Secondly , it must be a kind of law with the meaning other than the meaning of the word . If it is a noun , the more explicit the association is , the higher the acceptance .

In chapter 3 , on the basis of the second chapter , we further demonstrate the mechanism and cognitive motivation of " Xiao X " . The mechanism of this structure includes the hybrid of thinking , metaphor and metaphor , which are divided into " small A / N " and " A / N " .
There is the same semantic feature between " A / N " and " V " in different fields , which accords with the basic condition of metaphor mapping and the analogy phenomenon in the process of structure evolution .

The fourth chapter compares the similarities and differences between " little X " and its structure " X " from the three angles of semantics , grammar and pragmatics . Although the subjective decrement is the semantic meaning shared by the two structures , the degree of subjective decrement expressed by the two structures is different .
What ' s different is that " little X " is used as a predicate component of a sentence , even beyond its role as a sentence component . " X " The largest character is used as a predicate component of a sentence , and it ' s not so frequently used as a title . " A little X " is often used as a predicate component of a sentence . " A little X " is often used as a predicate component of a sentence . The topic " X " is usually more cordial , relaxed or casual . " X " doesn ' t have a tendency to age and gender , and the context is not particularly targeted and broad .

In the last chapter , the conclusion is concluded , and the conclusion drawn by " Xiao X " structure is summarized , and the deficiency of writing and the subject to be further studied are put forward .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】