苗语双借词与苗汉关系词研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 08:07

本文选题：苗语 + 养蒿苗语　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：苗瑶语的研究,相对于藏缅语、侗台语,一直以来都比较薄弱,而有关苗瑶语与汉语关系的探讨,就更为寥落了,少数相关的讨论,大部分都是直接着眼于寻找苗瑶语里的苗瑶语、汉语同源词,而较少系统地关注苗瑶语里的汉借词。这样的研究方式,一方面,由于未有效排除汉借词,使“同源词”可信度降低,一方面,也错失了汉借词本身可以提供的丰富的汉语史、苗瑶语史信息。有鉴于此,本文先系统研究了养蒿苗语的汉借词,分析这些汉借词相同音类的不同读音类型,划分历史层次,讨论相关苗语史、汉语史问题,在此基础之上,再系统研究《苗语古音构拟》里的苗语或者苗瑶语共同词,看这些词哪些是可以依据养蒿苗语汉借词的表现,纳入汉借词行列的,哪些是不能纳入汉借词,但与汉语存在音义关系,应可判为苗汉关系词的。本文共分六章。第一章为绪论,讨论研究的背景,研究的目的,前人的研究情况,以及汉借词层次的划分方法和苗汉关系词的确定原则等内容。重点是汉借词层次的划分方法,我们在总结前人研究民族汉借词的理论和汉语方言历史层次分析理论的基础上,从汉借词的识别、借词层次的划分、借词借入时候的读音、层次的时间定位等6个方面详细分析了借词层次分析的步骤和方法。第二章提供了本文使用到的苗语古音构拟、苗瑶语古音构拟、养蒿苗语音系、开觉苗语音系,汉语上古音系、汉语中古音系、汉语凯里话音系,重点对比了王辅世的苗语拟音和Ratliff的苗语拟音。开觉苗语是我们自己调查的材料,因此还给出了开觉苗语声母、韵母的古音来源,同时给出与养蒿苗语、大南山苗语、腊乙坪苗语的对比。第三章总结养蒿苗语现代汉借词的语音特点。第四章是本文的重点,从声调、声母、韵母三个方面讨论养蒿苗语古汉借词的语音特点。声调方面古汉借词的特点是与汉语的四声八调系统对应,形成这种对应的原因我们认为是借入时候汉语和苗语都是四声系统,苗语按调值相似的原则借入汉借词以后,和汉语一样发生了按声母清浊的声调分化；声母方面古汉借词相同古音来源的词语,一般都分为不同的读音类型,这些不同的读音类型有的源于苗语自身的音变,有的源于借入时间的不同,因而也提供了丰富的语音史信息。韵母方面古汉借词的表现较声母更为复杂,但一般也都能按照分析声母的模式分成不同的层次。第五章在前一章养蒿苗语汉借词讨论的基础上,首先分析王辅世《构拟》的682条苗语或者苗瑶语共同词,哪些是汉借词,哪些是苗汉关系词。其次初步比较了苗语与周边语言,包括汉语、南亚语、侗台语、藏缅语身体部位词。第六章为本文的结语。
[Abstract]:The study of Miao Yao has been relatively weak in comparison with Tibetan and Burmese, Dong and Taiwan languages, and the discussion on the relationship between Miao Yao and Chinese has become even more desolate, a few related discussions. Most of them are focused directly on the Miao Yao language, Chinese homologues, and less systematic attention to the Miao Yao Chinese loanwords. On the one hand, because of not effectively excluding Chinese loanwords, the credibility of "homologous words" is reduced. On the other hand, it also misses the rich information of Chinese history and Miao language history that can be provided by Chinese loanwords themselves. In view of this, this paper systematically studies the Chinese loanwords in Artemisia and Miao language, analyzes the different pronunciation types of the same phonetic category, divides the historical levels, discusses the history of the Miao language and the history of the Chinese language. And then systematically study the Miao or Miao Yao common words in "Miao Ancient phonetic Construction", to see which of these words can be classified into the Chinese loan category according to the performance of the Chinese loan words in Artemisia annua and which can not be included in the Chinese loanwords. However, there is a phonetic relation with Chinese, which should be judged as Miao Han relation word. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which discusses the background of the study, the purpose of the study, the previous studies, as well as the classification of the level of Chinese loan words and the principles of the Miao and Han relation words. On the basis of summarizing the theory of Chinese loan words and the theory of historical hierarchy analysis of Chinese dialects, we discuss the recognition of Chinese loanwords, the division of loan levels, and the pronunciation of loanwords when borrowing, based on the conclusion of the previous studies on the theory of Chinese loan words and the historical hierarchy analysis theory of Chinese dialects. The steps and methods of loanword hierarchy analysis are analyzed in detail. The second chapter provides the Miao dialect, Miao Yao, Artemisia Phonetics, Open sense Miao Phonetics, Chinese Ancient phonetic system, Chinese Middle Ancient phonetic system, Chinese Kaili phonetic system, which are used in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Wang Fushi's Miao phonetic imitatives and Ratliff's Miao phonetic imitators. Kaijue Miao language is the material of our own investigation. Therefore, the origin of the consonant and vowel of Kaikue Miao language is given, and the comparison with Yanghao Miao language, Dannan Miao language and Laiping Miao language is given at the same time. The third chapter summarizes the phonological characteristics of modern Chinese loan words in Artemisia annua and Miao language. The fourth chapter is the focus of this paper, from the tone, consonant, vowel three aspects to discuss the sound characteristics of the ancient Chinese loan words in Artemisia and Miao. In terms of tone, the characteristics of ancient Chinese loanwords are corresponding to the four-tone and eight-tone system of Chinese. We think that the reason for this correspondence is that both Chinese and Miao are four-tone systems at the time of borrowing. After Miao borrows Chinese loanwords according to the principle of similarity of the tone values, Like Chinese, the tone is divided according to the consonant, and the words of the same ancient Chinese origin are generally divided into different phonetic types, some of which originate from the phonetic changes of the Miao dialect itself, and the original Chinese loanwords of the same ancient Chinese origin are generally divided into different phonetic types, and some of these different phonetic types are derived from the phonetic changes of the Miao dialect. Some come from different borrowing times, and thus provide rich phonological information. In the aspect of vowel, the loanwords of ancient Chinese are more complicated than consonants, but they can also be divided into different levels according to the pattern of analyzing consonants. The fifth chapter analyzes 682 common words of Miao language or Miao Yao language, which are Chinese loan words and which are Miao Han relation words, based on the discussion of Han loanwords in the previous chapter of raising Artemisia and Miao dialect. Secondly, the body part words of Miao language and surrounding language, including Chinese, South Asian, Dong and Taiwan, Tibetan and Burmese are compared. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H216

【参考文献】