“在”的历史演变与词性界定

发布时间：2018-04-28 05:04

本文选题：在 + 语法化　；参考：《渤海大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语中“在”是个历史传承词，早在西周时期甲骨文中就已经出现了。秦汉时期的“在”在意义和用法上有了一些变化，这和它后面所接的成分有很大关系。“在”的后面除了可以接用来表示“处所”意义的词语，还可以接表示“时间”、“范围”、“方位”、“状态”意义的词语。“在+NP”结构可以表示“和人或事物相关的处所、时间”等意义，还可以表示“和事件或行为动作相关的处所，时间”等意义，这些意义都是在“A在B”这一认知框架下产生的。这一认知框架也是副词“在”产生的重要因素。其后，“在”出现了表示“和动作相关的状态”的意义，这个意义是副词“在”产生的语义背景，“NP+在+VP”是副词“在”产生的句法环境。在现代汉语中，“在”又发展出来一些更加虚化的用法，进而变成了词内的附着成分。现代汉语“在”的用法和意义继承了古代汉语中“在”的用法和意义并在此基础上有了一定的发展，但是并没有发生太大变化。对于“在”这样一个在历史发展中长期存在的词语，有对它词性的界定需要用历时和共时相结合的观点来分析。“在”所出现的语言环境主要有三种，，“在+NP”、“在+NP+VP”、“VP+在+NP”，这三种形式秦汉时期就已出现，词性为动词。现代汉语中“在”的主要形式也是这三种，而且语义并没有多大变化。同时，根据学界时贤们有关词类划分标准的论述，共时平面中，现代汉语中的“在”也是动词，并没有像“于”、“把”、“从”等词语从动词语法化为介词，只能说在有些用法上与介词类似，但就词性来说，依然是动词。
[Abstract]:Chinese word "Ze" is a historical inheritance word, as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions have appeared. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there were some changes in the meaning and usage of Zai, which had much to do with the following elements. "in" can be followed by words meaning "place", but also "time", "range", "position", "state" meaning. "in NP" structure can mean "place, time related to person or thing" and "place, time" related to event or action. These meanings come into being under the cognitive frame of "A in B". This cognitive framework is also an important factor in the generation of adverbs. After that, the meaning of "the appearance of the state of expression" and "action related" is the semantic background in which the adverb "Zai" is produced, and "NP" is the syntactic environment in which the adverb "is" produced. In modern Chinese, Ze has developed some more fictitious usage, which has become the attachment of words. The usage and meaning of "Zai" in modern Chinese have inherited the usage and meaning of "Zai" in ancient Chinese and have developed to a certain extent on this basis, but it has not changed much. For the word "Zai", which has existed for a long time in the historical development, the definition of its part of speech needs to be analyzed from the viewpoint of diachronic and synchronic combination. There are mainly three kinds of linguistic environments in "Zhe", "in NP", "in NP VP" and "VP in NP". These three forms have already appeared in Qin and Han dynasties, and the part of speech is a verb. The main form of Ze in modern Chinese is also these three kinds, and the semantics have not changed much. At the same time, according to the argumentation on the classification standard of parts of speech by scholars, in the synchronic plane, the "Ze" in modern Chinese is also a verb, and does not change the words such as "Yu", "from" and "from" from verb grammar to preposition. It can only be said that in some uses similar to prepositions, but in terms of part of speech, is still a verb.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H14

【参考文献】