《国语》省略研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 21:55

本文选题：国语 + 省略　；参考：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：省略在汉语语法研究中的地位非常重要，这不仅是因为省略现象本身的多样性和复杂性，还因为省略研究是一个古今存在着的并且不断往前发展的课题。就《国语》语料来看，已经具备了省略的基本类型，包括主语省略、谓语省略、宾语省略、定语省略和兼语省略五种，其中主语省略尤为丰富，并且具有非常重要的史料和语料价值，值得我们深入研究和探讨。而目前学界对《国语》省略的研究并不系统，因而对它进行全面整理和个案研究是非常有必要的。本文致力于此方面的研究，对书中出现的所有省略现象进行穷尽式的整理，总结省略的类型和用法特点，以期对《国语》省略进行系统的描述，并深入探讨主语省略，探寻先秦汉语的语法特点。全文共分五章：第一章，绪论。具体分析选题价值、研究现状和研究方法等。第二章，《国语》省略的界定与分类。对《国语》省略作了界定，从多个角度对《国语》省略进行分类：根据省略的方式不同，分为承前省、蒙后省与背景省；根据某一语篇中省略的成分是否相同，分为单一省与错杂省；根据省略成分所在的分句和其所对应的未省略的成分所在的分句之间是否被其它的分句隔开，分为连续省与间隔省；根据省略出现的语境不同，分为对话省与叙事省；根据省略的内容的不同，分为成分省与句子省。第三章，，《国语》的句子成分省略。以《国语》的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、兼语等句子成分的省略为主线，辅以省略的方式（即承前省、蒙后省、背景省），对《国语》的句子成分省略进行了详细的探讨，明确语篇中哪些句子成分可以省略，句子成分的省略的方式如何以及其各自是相对于哪种成分而省略。第四章，《国语》的主语承前省略的词汇手段与先秦汉语的语法特点。深入探讨主语承前省略，明确《国语》省略的实现是通过词汇手段实现的，总结《国语》省略的规律：同一律与排斥律。分别比较研究先秦汉语中的主语承前省略与以英语为代表的印欧语系中主语承前省略和先秦汉语中的主语承前省略与现代汉语中的主语承前省略，总结出先秦汉语的“篇本位”的语句组织规律以及意合型语法特点。第五章，《国语》省略的特征。对前四章中《国语》省略情况进行总结：《国语》省略的分类多样且复杂；《国语》句子成分省略种类多且方式也很复杂；《国语》的主语承前省略是通过词汇手段的辅助实现的，并呈现出同一律与排斥律的特点；先秦汉语是“篇本位”语法，也是意合性语言。
[Abstract]:Ellipsis plays a very important role in the study of Chinese grammar, not only because of the diversity and complexity of ellipsis itself, but also because ellipsis is a subject that exists in ancient and modern times and continues to develop. As far as the corpus is concerned, there are already five basic types of ellipsis, including subject ellipsis, predicate ellipsis, object ellipsis, attributive ellipsis and concurrent ellipsis, among which the subject ellipsis is especially abundant. And has the very important historical data and the language material value, is worth our thorough research and the discussion. However, the current academic research on the omission of Mandarin is not systematic, so it is necessary to make a comprehensive arrangement and case study. This paper is devoted to the study of this aspect, to make an exhaustive arrangement of all the ellipsis phenomena in the book, to summarize the types and usage characteristics of ellipsis, with a view to systematically describing the ellipsis in Mandarin, and to discuss the subject ellipsis in depth. To explore the grammatical characteristics of the pre-Qin Chinese. The full text is divided into five chapters: Chapter one, introduction. Specific analysis of the value of topics, research status and research methods. The second chapter, the definition and classification of ellipsis. The ellipsis of "Mandarin" is defined and classified from several angles: according to the different ways of ellipsis, it is divided into three provinces: the former province, the later province and the background province; according to whether the elements of ellipsis in a given text are the same or not, Divided into a single province and a mixed province; divided into consecutive provinces and separate provinces according to whether the clause in which the ellipsis is located is separated by other clauses between the clause in which the ellipsis is located and the corresponding unomitted component, and according to the context in which the ellipsis occurs, It is divided into dialogue province and narrative province, and is divided into component province and sentence province according to the difference of omitted content. The third chapter is the omission of the sentence elements of Mandarin. Taking the ellipsis of the subject, predicate, object, attributive, and other sentence elements in Mandarin as the main line, supplemented by the ellipsis (i.e. the former province, the Mongolian province, the background province, etc.), this paper makes a detailed discussion on the ellipsis of the sentence elements in Mandarin. It is clear which sentence elements can be omitted, how the elements are omitted, and which elements are omitted. Chapter four, the lexical means omitted from the subject and the grammatical features of the pre-Qin Chinese. This paper probes into the ellipsis of the subject before inheriting, clarifies that the realization of ellipsis is realized by lexical means, and summarizes the law of ellipsis: the law of homogeneity and exclusion. This paper makes a comparative study of the subject preceding ellipsis in pre-Qin Chinese, the subject preceding ellipsis in the Indo-European language system represented by English, the subject preceding ellipsis in the pre-Qin Chinese and the subject preceding ellipsis in modern Chinese. This paper summarizes the sentence organization rules and parataxis grammatical features of pre-Qin Chinese. Chapter V, the characteristics of ellipsis. This paper summarizes the ellipsis of the first four chapters: the classification of the ellipsis is diverse and complex; the ellipsis of the sentence elements is of many kinds and the ways are also very complicated; the ellipsis of the subject is realized by the assistance of lexical means. Pre-Qin Chinese is a text-based grammar and parataxis language.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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