动态助词、副词在心理动核结构中的完句能力考察

发布时间：2018-05-02 00:53

本文选题：动态助词 + 副词　；参考：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语完句问题研究虽取得了丰硕成果,但仍有深入研究的空间。与以往研究不同,本文不再继续探讨完句成分的种类和数量,而是考察学界公认的完句词类(助词、副词)在心理动核结构中的完句能力大小。具体说来,本文只探讨动态助词“着、了、过”,程度副词“很、太、十分”,时间副词“经常、正在、已经”,语气副词“也许、一定、的确”,否定副词“不、没有、别”在一价、二价乃至整个心理动核结构中的完句能力大小。本文把讨论范围限定在排除语境及非陈述语调后的静态陈述句中,并以三个平面语法理论为基础,提出静态自足陈述句在句法、语义、语用上的基本要求以作为判定完句的标准。同时从配价语法理论出发,按动词的“价”对各心理动词进行分类,并按配价的要求构建基本动核结构以作为探讨基础。随后运用添加法、语感判断法以及问卷调查法等逐一考察15个完句成分在一价、二价心理动核结构中的完句情况,并依据各自构成的完句数量列出其完句能力强弱序列。最后结合考察结果分析制约完句成分完句能力的因素。经过逐一考察和分析,动态助词“着、了、过”在心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:过了着;其中在一价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:了过着;在二价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:过着了。程度、时间、语气、否定四小类副词在心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:程度否定语气时间;其中在一价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:程度否定时间语气;在二价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:语气否定程度时间。同时,各小类副词内部成员的完句能力也存在强弱之别,比如:否定副词“不、没有、别”在一价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为:不没有别;在二价心理动核结构中的完句能力强弱序列为为:(不/没有)别。这一考察结果说明,完句成分的完句能力具有层级性,其层级性表现在同一完句范畴内部各成员在同一完句对象(动核结构)中的完句能力强弱不等;同一完句范畴在不同完句对象中的完句能力强弱不同。经过分析可知,语义是制约完句成分完句能力强弱的首要因素。除此外,其完句能力还可能受到句法条件或语用信息的制约。
[Abstract]:Although the study of sentence completion in modern Chinese has made fruitful achievements, there is still room for further study. Different from previous studies, this paper no longer continues to explore the types and quantities of the complete sentence components, but rather examines the extent of the completion ability of the completed parts of speech (auxiliary, adverbs) in the mental moving-nucleus structure, which is generally recognized in the academic circle. Specifically, this paper only discusses the dynamic auxiliary word "Zhe, over", the degree adverb "very, too, very", the time adverb "often, is, already", the mood adverb "maybe, certainly, indeed", the negative adverb "No, no," Don't "finish sentences in one price, two valence and even the whole psychokineuclear structure." In this paper, the scope of discussion is limited to the static statements after excluding the context and the non-declarative intonation, and based on the three plane grammar theories, it is proposed that the static self-contained statements are syntactic and semantic. The basic requirements of pragmatics are taken as the criterion of sentence completion. At the same time, starting from the theory of valence grammar, the author classifies the psychological verbs according to the "valence" of the verbs, and constructs the basic structure of the movement-nucleus according to the requirements of the valence as the basis of discussion. Then we use the addition method, the language sense judgment method and the questionnaire method to investigate the completion of the sentence in the one-valency and bivalent mental moving-core structure of 15 complete sentence components, and list the sequence of the completion ability according to the number of the completed sentence. Finally, we analyze the factors that restrict the ability of sentence completion. Through the investigation and analysis one by one, the sequence of sentence completion ability of the dynamic auxiliary in the structure of psychokinetic nucleus is as follows: the sequence of completion ability in the structure of univalent mental moving-nucleus is as follows: (1) the sequence of completion ability in the structure of mental motility is: (1) the sequence of sentence completion ability in the structure of mental moving-nucleus is: "over"; In the structure of bivalent psychokinetic nucleus, the sequence of sentence completion ability is: over. The degree, time, mood, negation of the four subcategories of adverbs in the mental movement-nucleus structure in the sentence completion ability of the strong or weak sequence is: degree of negative mood time, which in the one-valent psychological moving-nucleus structure of the completion ability of the strong and weak sequence is: degree of negation of the temporal mood; In the structure of bivalent psychokinetic nucleus, the sequence of sentence completion ability is as follows: tone negation degree time. At the same time, there are strong and weak differences in the completion ability of the members of each subcategory of adverbs. For example: negative adverbs "no, no" in the one-valent psychological structure of the strong or weak sequence of sentence completion: no, no. In the bivalent psychokinetic structure, the sentence completion ability is in the order of: (no / no). The result of this investigation shows that the complete ability of the complete sentence component is hierarchical, and its hierarchy is manifested in the different degree of the completion ability of the members in the same sentence complete object (move-core structure) within the same complete sentence category; The ability of the same complete sentence category is different in different sentence completion objects. Through analysis, we can see that semantics is the primary factor that restricts the ability to finish sentence. In addition, its ability to complete sentences may be restricted by syntactic conditions or pragmatic information.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.1

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