衢州话的否定标记词研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 20:44

本文选题：否定标记词 + 弗　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：衢州话的否定标记词共有五个：“弗”[fΛ?7]、“呒”[hm2]、“g”[f(?)2]、“(?)”[fe3]、“墔”[fε5]。“弗”和“呒”是两个基本否定标记词,“g”、“(?)”、“墔”是三个合音词,分别由“弗”与“曾”、“会”、“要”合音演变而来。本文以方言语法调查为基础,以衢州话的否定表达为研究对象,探讨了衢州话否定标记词体系的句法分布规律和语义,侧重时间语义的分析,兼顾情态语义和否定的数量语义。全文共计七万字,除结语外分三章：第一章,明确了“否定”的概念,概述了现代汉语否定范畴研究和方言语法否定范畴研究的现状,说明了全文的研究目标、研究方法及研究范围。本文以否定句为分析对象,以否定标记词为研究核心,提到的否定句是狭义的否定句,即包含显性否定标记词的句子。第二章,讨论衢州话五个否定标记词的句法分布,是全文的主体。通过全面描写加简要分析得出：衢州话“弗”、“g”、“(?)”、“墔”四个否定标记词否定谓词性成分,“呒”否定体词性成分,双方呈互补分布；而否定谓词性成分的四个否定标记词内部,“弗”、“g”根据“非过去”、“过去”时间语义内涵的不同呈对立分布。第三章,分三个层次分析了衢州话否定标记词的语义：1、从“三时角度”探讨了衢州话否定标记词体系的时间语义问题,认为“弗”有泛时性；“g”有历时性,曾然性和持续性是历时性的两项内容,同时“g”还具有完整体意义；“(?)”否定相对时制下的将来,还可以用在虚拟语气中,大致相当于普通话“如果……不……”的用法。2、探讨了衢州话否定标记词体系的情态语义范畴,认为“墔”属于道义情态范畴,用于祈使句中表禁止、劝阻；“(?)”属于认识情态范畴,表达说话人对主语动作趋势、意愿的否定预测,带有很强的主观性。3、否定体词性成分的“呒”的数量语义,认为否定的量向大的确定,“呒”的基本语义含义是少于,否定了一切多于标记数量词的情况。附录是作者自拟的《汉语方言否定表达调查表》,包含3大类20个小类,共314个例句。该调查表是全文研究得以进行的基础。衢州话的五个否定标记词各司其职,分工明确,无论是在句法上还是语义上都具有很强的体系性。
[Abstract]:There are five negative markers in Quzhou dialect: "f N" [F N], "m" [hm2], "g Li" [f], [fe3], "Li" [f 蔚 5]. "Fu" and "Wu" are two basic negative markers, "g", "Li" and "Li" are three synsyllabic words, which are derived from the synonym of "Fu" and "Zeng", "Hui" and "want" respectively. Based on the investigation of dialect grammar and taking the negative expression of Quzhou dialect as the research object, this paper probes into the syntactic distribution and semantics of the negative marker system in Quzhou dialect, focusing on the analysis of time semantics and the quantitative semantics of both modality and negation. The full text amounts to 70,000 words, in addition to the conclusion is divided into three chapters: The first chapter defines the concept of "negation", summarizes the present situation of the study of negation category in modern Chinese and the grammatical negation category of dialect, and explains the research objectives, research methods and research scope of the full text. This paper takes the negative sentence as the analysis object and the negative marker word as the core of the study. The negative sentence mentioned is the narrow negative sentence, that is, the sentence containing the explicit negative marker word. The second chapter discusses the syntactic distribution of the five negative markers in Quzhou dialect. Through comprehensive description and brief analysis, the author draws the following conclusions: Quzhou dialect "Fu", "g Li", "Jiao", "Li" four negative marker words, negative predicate elements, "Wu" negative parts of speech, the two sides show complementary distribution; However, the four negative markers of negative predicate, "Fu" and "g", have different semantic connotations of "past" and "past" according to "non-past". The third chapter analyzes the meaning of negative marker word: 1 in Quzhou dialect in three levels, discusses the time semantic problem of negative marker word system in Quzhou dialect from "03:00 angle", and thinks that "Fu" has pan-temporal character and "g Li" has diachronic character. Zeng ran and persistence are two diachronic contents, and "g Li" also has complete meaning. The future of negative relative tense can also be used in subjunctive mood, roughly equivalent to Putonghua. No. " This paper discusses the modal semantic category of Quzhou dialect's negative marker system, and thinks that "Li" belongs to the category of moral modality, which is used to prohibit and dissuade in imperative sentences. Belonging to the category of cognitive modality, expressing the speaker's negative prediction of the tendency and willingness of the subject action, with a strong subjectivity of .3. the quantitative semantics of the negation of the part of speech, the author thinks that the negation has a large quantitative direction. The basic semantic meaning of "Ma" is less than, negating the case where everything is more than the number of marked words. The appendix is a questionnaire of negative expressions of Chinese dialects written by the author, which consists of 3 categories and 20 subcategories, with a total of 314 examples. The questionnaire is the basis for full-text research. The five negative markers in Quzhou dialect have their own functions and clear division of labor.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H17

【参考文献】