龙山白话“是”字结构研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:28

本文选题：龙山白话 + 系词　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“是”字句结构是现代汉语中使用频率很高的一种特殊句式。语法学家多年来运用不同的理论方法,从不同的角度进行了大量的研究和探讨,取得了较大的成绩。但由于角度不一样,语法界对于“是”字功能的界定也出现了分歧。有人认为“是”字是系词,有人认为应该是动词、副词或标记词。本文认为这些说法都有一定的道理,只是缺乏全面性和系统性,因为“是”字是一个多功能语素,在不同的句法结构中扮演不同的功能,视具体的语境而定。为了加深对这一问题的认识,也可以从跨语言的角度丰富相关领域的语言材料和研究成果,本文以粤语的一种方言---龙山白话为主要研究对象,对其中的平行语言现象sheh“是”字结构进行全面系统的分析。相比粤语其他方言和现代汉语,龙山白话的多功能语素sheh“是”在结构和功能上更为复杂多样,但学界却鲜有研究,因此值得关注。本文首先简要介绍龙山白话的特点,分析其动词类型,并分析归纳了龙山白话几种相关的重要句型：a. SVO; b. SOV or OSV; c. SV or VS; d. Right-dislocation; e. Topicalization。在此基础上,本文重点从语义和句法两个层面对龙山白话的sheh字结构进行全面系统的考察,分析其语法功能。分析发现,从语法功能上看,龙山白话的多功能语素sheh除了可以充当系词外,更多情况下可分析为标记词,标记多种语法功能,包括：焦点标记、强调标记、比较标记、同级标记、存在标记、条件标记以及目的标记。最后文章还从语用角度分析了龙山白话sheh“是”字句的信息结构——焦点结构,sheh“是”字句的语用价值,以及sheh“是”字句的语用功能。在交际过程中,说话者往往采用“是”字结构来传递某种焦点信息。这些焦点信息大致可以分为三大类：主语焦点、修饰语焦点、谓语焦点。在表达相同语义信息时,使用标记词sheh“是”与否会带来语用功能上的差别。在交际中,说话者使用“是”字句时,还可以通过省略某些成分来减轻听话者获取信息的压力,这体现了语用上的经济原则。
[Abstract]:The structure of "Shi" sentence is a special kind of sentence structure which is frequently used in modern Chinese. Over the years, linguists have made a great deal of research and discussion from different angles by using different theories and methods, and have made great achievements. However, because of the different angles, the definition of "is" function in grammatical circles has also appeared divergences. Some people think that the word "yes" is a word, some think it should be a verb, adverb or marker. This paper holds that these statements have some truth, but lack of comprehensiveness and systematicness, because the word "yes" is a multifunctional morpheme, which plays different functions in different syntactic structures, depending on the specific context. In order to deepen the understanding of this problem, and to enrich the relevant language materials and research results from a cross-linguistic point of view, this paper focuses on the Cantonese dialect -Longshan vernacular as the main research object. This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the parallel language phenomenon sheh "is". Compared with other Cantonese dialects and modern Chinese, the multifunctional morpheme "sheh" of Longshan vernacular is more complex and diverse in structure and function, but there is little research in academic circles, so it is worth paying attention to. This paper first briefly introduces the characteristics of Longshan vernacular, analyzes its verb types, and sums up several related important sentence patterns of Longshan vernacular:: a. SVO; b. SOV or osv; c. SV or VS; D. Right-dislocation; E. Topicalization. On this basis, this paper focuses on the semantic and syntactic aspects of the Longshan vernacular sheh word structure of a comprehensive and systematic investigation, analysis of its grammatical functions. It is found that in terms of grammatical functions, the multifunctional morpheme sheh of Longshan vernacular can be analyzed as a marker word in many cases, and it can be analyzed as a marker word in many cases, which includes: focus mark, emphasis mark, comparative marker. Peer marker, presence marker, conditional marker and destination marker. Finally, from the pragmatic point of view, the paper analyzes the pragmatic value of the information structure of the "is" sentence in Longshan vernacular sheh and the pragmatic function of the "is" sentence of sheh. In the process of communication, the speaker often adopts the "is" structure to convey some kind of focus information. These focus information can be divided into three categories: subject focus, modifier focus and predicate focus. When expressing the same semantic information, the use of the marker sheh "yes" or not will lead to pragmatic differences. In communication, when the speaker uses the word "yes", he can also reduce the pressure on the hearer to obtain information by omitting some elements, which embodies the economic principle of pragmatics.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H178

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