《新华字典》复音词研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:29

本文选题：《新华字典》 + 复音词　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：《新华字典》是新中国成立后出版的第一部以现代汉语释义、举例的字典。当时没有一本规范的现代汉语辞书，《新华字典》除了担当字典的重要作用，还兼顾词典的功能。魏建功先生制定的“以音统字、以字统义、以义统词”的编纂总体例，体现在《新华字典》复音词的处理方面有不少独到之处。本论文以《新华字典》第10版为基础，综合考察了从1953年首版到最新2011年第11版之间的13个版本的复音词编纂情况。论文采取共时与历时结合的研究方法，运用词典学、词汇学、认知学等理论，对《新华字典》显性和隐性复音词进行了多角度的研究，填补了《新华字典》复音词编纂方法研究的空白，为小型汉语字典的研究和编纂提供有价值的参考依据，推动现代汉语字典的研究。论文分析了显性复音词的收录、立目出条（词形）、释义、例证、注音、互见等方面的编纂情况；详细考察了多种隐性复音词的表现形式，包括标注“（叠）”的重叠式复音词、标注“（-子）（-儿）（-头）”词尾的附加式复音词、标注“○连”的系连式同义并列复音词、括注式释义的例证复音词、释义中带被释字的复音词和同物异名复音词等形式，分析各种隐性复音词的编纂特点。此外，，论文对比了以《新华字典》为代表的字典收录复音词的情况与以《现代汉语词典》为代表的词典处理多字条目的情况，分析二者的异同。基于详尽的文本数据分析，论文总结了《新华字典》不同于词典的复音词编纂的特点：（1）显性复音词的收录特点体现了“以义统词”的编纂原则；（2）显性复音词的立目特点体现了编纂体例的系统性；（3）复音词表现形式的多样性反映了现代汉语词汇的特点；（4）利用字典的注释符号体现现代汉语词汇中的构词法；（5）释文中隐性复音词的表现形式兼具多种实用功能。这些特点对现代汉语字典中复音词编纂具有启示借鉴意义和实践探索价值。本论文具有视角新、观点新、语料丰富、实践性强的特点。（1）通过对《新华字典》中多种表现形式的复音词的多角度分析，归纳出字典收词的编纂特点，具有一定的探索创新意义。（2）提出全新观点，指出《新华字典》的复音词除了标准的、用方括号“[]”立目的显性表现形式外，还有标注“（叠）”的重叠式复音词、标注“（-子）（-儿）（-头）”的附加式复音词、标注“○连”的系连式同义并列复音词、括注式释义的例证复音词、释义中的带被释字的复音词和释义中的同物异名复音词等六种特殊的隐性表现形式。（3）立足《新华字典》复音词的分析，对多个版本的文本内容进行计算机数字化处理，主要将13个版本的显性复音词，以及1953年、2004年、2011年等版本的隐性复音词材料整理为语料。在选取丰富扎实材料的基础上，归纳出具有实践操作意义的字典复音词编纂特点。
[Abstract]:Xinhua Dictionary is the first dictionary published after the founding of the people's Republic of China in which modern Chinese is interpreted as an example. At that time, there was no standard modern Chinese dictionaries. Xinhua Dictionary not only played an important role in dictionary, but also gave consideration to its function. There are many unique ways in the processing of polysyllabic words in Xinhua Dictionary, which are composed by Wei Jiangong's compilation of the general example of "combining words with sound, meaning by word and word by meaning". Based on the 10th edition of Xinhua Dictionary, this paper comprehensively examines the compilation of polysyllables in 13 versions from the first edition of 1953 to the latest edition 11 of 2011. In this paper, the synchronic and diachronic methods are adopted to study the dominant and implicit polysyllabic words in Xinhua Dictionary from various angles, using the theories of lexicography, lexicology and cognitive science. It fills up the blank in the study of the compilation method of polysyllabic words in Xinhua Dictionary, provides a valuable reference for the study and compilation of small Chinese dictionaries, and promotes the study of modern Chinese dictionaries. This paper analyzes the compilation of explicit polysyllabic words, including the form of words, interpretation, illustration, phonetic pronunciation, mutual sight and so on, and examines in detail the forms of expression of recessive polysyllabic words, including the superimposed polysyllabic words marked "(overlapping)". The additional polysyllabic words marked with the end of the word ", the contiguous synonym and parallel polysyllabic words marked" 0Lian ", including the illustrative polysyllabic words, the polysyllabic words with interpreted characters and the synonymy polysyllabic words in the interpretation, etc. This paper analyzes the compilation characteristics of various recessive polysyllabic words. In addition, the paper compares the situation of the polysyllabic words in the dictionary represented by Xinhua Dictionary and the dictionary represented by the Modern Chinese Dictionary in dealing with multi-word entries, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two. Based on detailed text data analysis, This paper summarizes the features of "Xinhua Dictionary" which is different from the dictionary in the compilation of polysyllabic words: (1) the inclusion characteristics of dominant polysyllabic words reflect the compilation principle of "Yichun ci" (2) the objective characteristics of dominant polysyllabic words reflect the system of compiling style. The diversity of expression forms of polysyllabic words reflects the characteristics of modern Chinese words. (4) the lexical annotation symbols are used to reflect the word-formation in modern Chinese words.) the forms of expression of recessive polysyllabic words in the interpretation have many practical functions. These characteristics have enlightening significance and practical exploration value for the compilation of polysyllabic words in modern Chinese dictionaries. This thesis has the characteristics of new angle of view, new viewpoint, abundant corpus and strong practicality. By analyzing the polysyllabic words in Xinhua Dictionary, the author concludes the features of compiling the words in the dictionary. It points out that in addition to the standard polysyllabic words with square brackets "[]", there are reduplicated polysyllabic words marked "(overlapping)" in addition to the standard ones. The appended polysyllabic words marked "" and the "0-link" conjunctive synonyms, including the illustrative polysyllabic words, Based on the analysis of the polysyllabic words in "Xinhua Dictionary", and the computer digital processing of various versions of text content, six special recessive expressions, such as polysyllabic words with interpreted characters and synonym polysyllabic words in interpretation, are analyzed. 13 versions of dominant polysyllabic words, and 1953, 2004, 2011 versions of recessive polysyllabic words are arranged into corpus. On the basis of selecting rich and solid materials, this paper sums up the compiling features of polysyllabic words in dictionaries with practical and operational significance.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164;H136

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